الحارثي ، ود عبد الرحمن عايض

The present study was an attempt to evaluate the toxic effect of cadmium chloride and the ameliorative role of L-Carnitine or selenium in alleviating or reducing the toxicity of cadmium when given to normal mice. Many documented studies have shown that cadmium produces various toxic effects which have a potential threat to human health. It is well known that selenium and L-Carnitine have been reported to be effective antioxidant agents. This study was done in 70 mature male mice, which were divided into 7 main groups; each group consists of 10 mice. The total antioxidant status, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile as well as male sex hormone and some immunological parameter (INF-α) levels were measured. Moreover, histopathological changes of some vital organs (liver, testis, brain and kidney) were examined by light microscope, TEM and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for different groups. In addition to the comet assay study of testis tissue and liver mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. The results indicated that cadmium exposure was resulted in­ significant decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities of kidney, testis, liver and spleen tissues. Significant increases of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, urea and total protein concentrations were reported. Moreover, the histopathological evaluation of kidney, testis and liver of treated mice showed severe changes in their structures. The use of supportive natural compounds like selenium and L-Carnitine separately and in combination against cadmium toxicity revealed that they considered as the best and safer treatment for hazardous side effects of cadmium. Keywords: Cadmium; Selenium; L-Camitine; Oxidative Damage; Free Radicals The present study was an attempt to evaluate the toxic effect of cadmium chloride and the ameliorative role of L-Carnitine or selenium in alleviating or reducing the toxicity of cadmium when given to normal mice. Many documented studies have shown that cadmium produces various toxic effects which have a potential threat to human health. It is well known that selenium and L-Carnitine have been reported to be effective antioxidant agents. This study was done in 70 mature male mice, which were divided into 7 main groups; each group consists of 10 mice. The total antioxidant status, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile as well as male sex hormone and some immunological parameter (INF-α) levels were measured. Moreover, histopathological changes of some vital organs (liver, testis, brain and kidney) were examined by light microscope, TEM and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for different groups. In addition to the comet assay study of testis tissue and liver mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. The results indicated that cadmium exposure was resulted in­ significant decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities of kidney, testis, liver and spleen tissues. Significant increases of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, urea and total protein concentrations were reported. Moreover, the histopathological evaluation of kidney, testis and liver of treated mice showed severe changes in their structures. The use of supportive natural compounds like selenium and L-Carnitine separately and in combination against cadmium toxicity revealed that they considered as the best and safer treatment for hazardous side effects of cadmium. Keywords: Cadmium; Selenium; L-Camitine; Oxidative Damage; Free Radicals

السبيعي، مزنه سعد عبدالله

Mechanism of dissolution of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals was studied as IN vitro in the absence and presence an additive different marine algae of sargassum (SA), Ulva lactuca (UL) and Ulva sp at 37ºC, I=0.15 mol dm-3 and PH=6.5 the results shoued that at concentrations as low as 10-6 mol dm-3 for each additive markedly reduce in dissolution rate of COM crystals. As the concentration of additive increase, the active sites on COM crystal surface are blocked through adsorption and the rate of dissolution of crystals decreased. This confirmed from the order of reaction (n=2), the value of activation energy, 7.18 Kcal / mol, and the validity of applying Langmuir- isotherm. The values of affinity constants in the presence of SA, UL and EN were found to be : 7.1,5.9 and 4.57 ×105 dm3 mol-1 respectively. The values (Kl) reflect the high adsorption at the same value of relative degree of under-saturation (σ = 0.09), and the order of inhibition was: SA >UL >US. The values of ΔG supported this order of inhibition of these additives. From the study, the anionic part of the additive molecule adsorbs onto Ca2+ active sites on the surface of COM crystals through electrostatic attraction. The molecular weight, molecular geometry, hydrophilicity and structure of the extracts molecules were found to be the important factors affecting on the efficiency of the them. Keywords : Calcium oxalate dissolution marine algae an Additive Adsorption inhibition

السبيعي ، مزنه سعد عبدالله

Mechanism of dissolution of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals was studied as IN vitro in the absence and presence an additive different marine algae of sargassum (SA), Ulva lactuca (UL) and Ulva sp at 37°c, I=0.15 mol dm¯³ and PH=6.5 the results shoued that at concentrations as low as 10¯⁶ mol dm¯³ for each additive markedly reduce in dissolution rate of COM crystals. As the concentration of additive increase, the active sites on COM crystal surface are blocked through adsorption and the rate of dissolution of crystals decreased. This confirmed from the order of reaction (n=2), the value of activation energy, 7.18 Kcal / mol, and the validity of applying Langmuir- isotherm. The values of affinity constants in the presence of SA, UL and EN were found to be : 7.1,5.9 and 4.57 ×10⁵ dm³ mol¯¹ respectively. The values (Kl) reflect the high adsorption at the same value of relative degree of under-saturation (σ = 0.09), and the order of inhibition was: SA >UL >US. The values of ΔG supported this order of inhibition of these additives. From the study, the anionic part of the additive molecule adsorbs onto Ca²˖ active sites on the surface of COM crystals through electrostatic attraction. The molecular weight, molecular geometry, hydrophilicity and structure of the extracts molecules were found to be the important factors affecting on the efficiency of the them

العتيبي ، علياء هندي عيد

العدواني ، مشاعل سعود

Immunomodulators and anticancer agents derived from plant and natural compounds have attracted a part of concern from natural product scientists for their effectiveness and safety as well their considerable donation towards understanding drug delivery mechanisms and targeted drug action. Subsequently searching for immunomodulatory components from natural herbs and characterizing the immune enhancement properties may have great potential in cancer treatment. The efforts have been continued for finding new anticancer agents with better efficacy and lesser side effects. According to the conventional recommendations and experimental research studies, abundant of medical plants have been reported to have anticancer effect. Anti-proliferative, pro- apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of several phytochemicals have been shown in vitro or in vivo. Grape seed (PSx) and garlic (Gx) extracts; phytochemicals that have numerous medicinal and pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as anticancer activity. Aim: The goal of this research is to examine the role of garlic and grape seed extracts, individually or in combination, in inducing apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro. Also the immunomodulatory effects of these extracts were investigated using the transcriptional expression of specific cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) by semi-quantitative PCR (sq-PCR) and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The present results showed that both (PSx) and (Gx), individually or along with each other, were successfully able to reduce proliferation and viability in HepG2 and hep-2cancer cells lines in a dose and time dependent manner. Also, they significantly increased the percentage of the DNA fragmentation in combined treatment associated with the upregulation of the apoptotic genes in both cancer cells. Moreover, the combination of both extracts at a dose of IC50 improves the effectiveness and sensitivity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and suggests that combined therapy may help to achieve the recommended goals in the management of cancer and modulating the immune system.

العدواني، مشاعل سعود مبارك

Immunomodulators and anticancer agents derived from plant and natural compounds have attracted a part of concern from natural product scientists for their effectiveness and safety as well their considerable donation towards understanding drug delivery mechanisms and targeted drug action. Subsequently searching for immunomodulatory components from natural herbs and characterizing the immune enhancement properties may have great potential in cancer treatment. The efforts have been continued for finding new anticancer agents with better efficacy and lesser side effects. According to the conventional recommendations and experimental research studies, abundant of medical plants have been reported to have anticancer effect. Anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of several phytochemicals have been shown in vitro or in vivo. Grape seed (PSx) and garlic (Gx) extracts; phytochemicals that have numerous medicinal and pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as anticancer activity. Aim: The goal of this research is to examine the role of garlic and grape seed extracts, individually or in combination, in inducing apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro. Also the immunomodulatory effects of these extracts were investigated using the transcriptional expression of specific cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) by semi-quantitative PCR (sq-PCR) and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The present results showed that both (PSx) and (Gx), individually or along with each other, were successfully able to reduce proliferation and viability in HepG2 and hep-2cancer cells lines in a dose and time dependent manner. Also, they significantly increased the percentage of the DNA fragmentation in combined treatment associated with the upregulation of the apoptotic genes in both cancer cells. Moreover, the combination of both extracts at a dose of IC50 improves the effectiveness and sensitivity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and suggests that combined therapy may help to achieve the recommended goals in the management of cancer and modulating the immune system.

الزهراني، نورة محمد كميخ

https://goo.gl/5o6hce

الغامدي، حنان مبارك فطيس

Aims of the Study 1- Surveying of the wild plants as a general and wild medicinal plants as a particular distributed in the study area. 2- Analyzing the vegetation of the important sites (Hada and Shafa) in Taif as well as Bisha regions in terms of species composition, diversity, abundance and behavior of the common medicinal species. 3- Recognizing the rarity forms of the recoded species in the study area. 4- Depicting the prevailing plant communities and assessing the role of the environmental conditions and human impacts that affect the communities and populations in the study area. 5- Developing strategies for sustainable use of one of the threatened natural resources in Taif, Saudi Arabia. 6- Drawing distribution maps for the important medicinal plants using the GPS coordinates. 7- Determining the actual status of medicinal plants in this region.

الغامدي ، أسماء عبدالله سفر

Graphene is a two dimensional crystal of carbon with remarkable properties. It has very high carrier mobility, high transparency and remarkable tensile strength which makes graphene a promising material. Graphene is the ideal replacement for Indium Tin Oxide ITO. It has attracted worldwide interest in fundamental, experimental and applied research. In this work, we are interested in studying the electronic properties of some carbon based nanomaterials like carbon monolayer and carbon bilayer. At first, we study the electronic band structure of this carbon based nanostructure which is given by the tight-binding model. After that, we focus on theoretical studying of graphene's transport by using the linearized Boltzmann equation in order to calculate the conductivity and the mobility. The impurity scattering has been calculated. Then, we took into account the static and dynamic screening in order to deduce the probability of transition, the relaxation time, the conductivity and the mobility. The temperature effect was studied via the Thomas Fermi wave vector. Also, the phonon scattering was considered to calculate transport parameters in monolayer graphene. The last part of this work is devoted to study the temperature effect due to the screening on transport properties in bilayer graphene (BLG).

العتيبي، عقاب عبدالله خنيفس

The thesis is devoted to the theory of the boundary layer of the binary alloy, arising during its contact interaction with the aggressive solution of electrolyte destroying the alloy. Regardless of the fact that these investigations have a long history, the process of the scientific research of the mechanism of destroying doesn't overstep from its initial stage. They are insufficiently developed even its basic theoretical aspects, relating to the meeting-point of physics of metals, physics of concentrated electrolytes and physics of boundary layer phenomena. The necessity of their studying is increasing along with the toughening of technological conditions and the ecological problems becoming more and more complicated. The development of the theoretical model of interaction of the alloy-toelectrolyte system is indispensable for the development of the cost-efficient thoroughgoing measures for inhibition of the destroying process of the surface of the alloy.

السلمي ، غزواء عواد

Colon cancer is a major reason behind morbidity and increasing mortality rate around the world. Colon cancer ranks first in males and third in females in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) among all other cancer types. Anticancer drugs have severe side effects and its clinical usage for cancer therapy is limited due to its toxicity. Choosing an alternative natural therapy might be a good choice to avoid toxic side effects of synthetic drugs-based therapies. Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L. (LS)) is grown in many parts of the world, including KSA and mainly used by people here in KSA as an herbal traditional therapy for different medical conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer potential of LS seeds extracts against azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) induced-colon cancer in male albino mice. In the present study, low (200 mg/kg) and high (400 mg/kg) doses of LS extract was used in treatment of the induced colon cancer in different phases or grades according to severity of the inflammatory induced colon cancer. The present results report that LS treatment for colon cancer mice, especially the high dose, decreases colon polyps/tumor incidence and size, tissues disorder, decreases expression of P53 in colon tissues in immunohistochemical evaluation and increases apoptosis in colon tissue. Moreover, LS therapy decreases micronucleus induction in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE ), increases the ratio of PCE/normochromatic erythrocytes and decreases the percentage of sperm abnormalities. However, PCR-SSCP doesn’t show any point of mutations at exons 5 and 8 of the oncogene P53 in all treated groups, except for AOM group at exon 8 that shows band shift pattern. In summary, the present study provides therapeutic evidence that LS prevents the formation of colonic neoplasia in AOM/DSS induced colorectal cancer in mice by ameliorating colon inflammatory processe.

الطلحي، عفاف سعود رداد

Insulin resistance represents the common mechanism that leads to type 2 diabetes. Metformin and pioglitazone are insulin-sensitizing agents available for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although oral agents and exogenous insulin ameliorated the hyperglycemia, they show limited ability to restore progressive β-cell damage. Therefore the challenge is to develop new strategies to antagonize insulin resistance and promote β-cell regeneration. On the other hand, the field of regenerative medicine is rapidly evolving, paving the way for novel therapeutic interventions through cellular therapies that are reshaping the biomedical field. So, the combination of metformin or pioglitazone with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) needs to be evaluated to improve the outcome of conventional therapy and minimize complications. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), alone or in combination with conventional therapeutic agents on type 2 diabetes and examined the molecular mechanism by which these agents influence insulin sensitivity. The present results indicated that bonemarrow derived MSCs in successfully able to ameliorate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance as well as improved insulin sensitivity in T2DM via insulin dependent and independent manner. Moreover, the combinations of metformin or pioglitazone with stem cells improve the outcome of conventional therapy and minimize complications as well as increase drugs sensitivity and effectiveness.

الحشيبري، عبدالله دخيل الله

The thermal convection instability for horizontally layer of visco-elastic fluid (oldroyed fluid –walter's 'lquid B') heat from the below and rotation about the vertical axis z , in the presence of electric field and thermal re-laxation time are consider . By using Linaer stability theory and normal mode analysis to derive di-fferential equation of tenth order , and exact eigen value equation exact solution for normal instability is obtianed under artificial boundary con-ditions somewhat , can be solved this equation accurately to yield the re-quired eigen value relaitionship from which are determined various criti-cal values . Wave number and Critical Rayleigh number for onset of instability are displayed graphically as a function of the parameters such as relaxation time , Taylor number and anthers parameters .

الثبيتي ، شادية عبد الله

In order to understand the mechanism of break - up of thermo- capillary liquid jets, the linear temporal instability should be investigated to predict the same size of producing small spherical pellets. In this thesis , we consider a viscous liquid jet emerging from a nozzle subject to thermo-capillary effect. Moreover, we use the asymptotic approach to reduce the governing equation to one-dimensional (1-D). The steady state solutions have been found for thermo-capillary viscous liquid jets, and then the linear instability analysis has been investigated of the resulting set of equation .

النفيعي، صفاء عائش عيظه

Let
be a ring (not necessary commutative) with identity 1 and  be a unitary right
-module. In this thesis we study the transfer of some algebraic properties between the base ring
and the skew Hurwitz series ring  = (
, ) and the skew Hurwitz polynomial ring  = (ℎ
, ). Also, we transfer some algebraic properties between the base module  and the skew Hurwitz series (polynomial) module  (ℎ ) over the ring . In Chapter (3), we prove, among other results, the following: 1. If
is a ring in which at least one prime number is not a unit, then  = (
, ) is not a Noetherian ring, 2. If ℎ(
) =  ≠ 0, then  = (
, ) is not Noetherian, 3.  = (
, ) is Noetherian if and only if
is Noetherian and ℚ ⊆
, 4. Let ℚ ⊆
. Then  is a Noetherian right
-module if and only if  is a Noetherian right -module, 5.  is a Hopfian right
-module if and only if  is a Hopfian right -module, 6. Let  be a right
-submodule of  . If  is a maximal right - submodule of , then  is a maximal right R-submodule of  , 7. If  is a simple right
-module, then  is a cyclic right -module. In Chapter (4), we prove, among other results, the following: 1. If  is a right zip -module, then  is a right zip
-module, 2. Let  be a -reduced module and a torsion-free as a ℤ-module. If  is a right zip
-module, then  is a right zip -module, 3. Let  be a -reduced module and a torsion-free as a ℤ-module. If  is a right Beachy-Blair R-module, then  is a right Beachy-Blair Amodule. Finally, in Chapter (5), we prove, among other results, the following: 1. Let
be a -compatible an NI-ring that is a torsion free as a ℤ-module. Then
satisfies the right weak Beachy-Blair condition if and only if  = (ℎ
, ) satisfies the right weak Beachy-Blair condition. 2. Let
be a -compatible an NI-ring that is a torsion free as a ℤ-module. If
satisfies the right weak Beachy-Blair condition, then  = (
, ) satisfies the right weak Beachy-Blair condition. The results in Chapter (3) are accepted for publication in Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences. However the results in Chapter (4) and Chapter (5) have been submitted for publication in two papers with the same name of the associated chapter.