الخثعمي ، عزة علي مسافر

Two series of chalcone compounds were prepared. The first one is an oleoyl-chalcone conjugates contain furan and its substituents as ring B. To this endeavor, a known substrate 144 and its newly synthesized analogue 148 were converted into selected furanyl chalcones 146a,b, 151 and 152a,b via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. This was easily achieved in EtOH containing catalytic amount of NaOH in the presence of substrates 144 or 148 with selected furanealdehydes. While the synthesis and structure elucidation of this series was already performed, in vivo hypolepidimic activity of these derivatives on SD rats is going in due course. The second series in this thesis comprised the synthesis of a series of quinolinyl chalcones to investigate their antimicrobial activity. In this regard, p-toluidine 80 was cyclocondensed with ethylacetoacetate 153 on two steps to afford the hydroxylipidine derivatives 154. Activation of compound 154 with POCl3 afforded compound 155 which gave the acetyl derivative 156 by nucleophilic substitution with p-acetylaniline. Claisen-Schmidt condensation of derivative 157 with aldehydes 161a-c and 162 afforded the desired chalcones 163a-c and 164. The structure of these chalcones was confirmed spectroscopically. Only compound 163a showed moderate inhibitory activity against E.coil and S. aureus in vitro. While, the cyctotoxocity investigations are going in due course

الشهري ، سارة عبد الرحمن

Coumarin derivatives bearing Mannich system and styrene group in their structures were synthesized in the present work for the evaluation of their antioxidants in rats. Thirteen of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vivo antioxidant activity. It was shown that compounds (5 , 99c, 99e , l00c , 100 r , 101c, and 102d) have highly antioxidant activity (46, 99g, and 100h) have moderate antioxidant activity and (43,45 ,and 98) have low antioxidant activity compared with control group data showed that compounds, has lower MDA content indicates greater antioxidant activity and more inhibition effect against lipid peroxidation compared to other compounds.

العصيمي، امل غويزي عوض

In this work we attempted to synthesis a new fused systems of triazino[5,6-b]indole, firstly, through the preparation of the previously prepared 3-amino[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole 1 by reaction of isatin with 2-aminoguanidinium carbonate in boiling acetic acid [ 1]. New isolated heterotetracyclic nitrogen systems, such as, 3-(N2-guanidinylimino)indole-2(1H)-one 2, 3-(Nethoxycarbonylamino)- 4H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole 3, 3-(N-ethoxymethyleneamino)-4H- [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole 4, 3-(hydrazinothiocarbonylamino)-4H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole 5. N-(1,3-dioxo-indene-2-ylidene)-4H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-amine 6 were synthesized when compound 1 reacted with aldehyde, ethyl chloroformate, triethyl orthoformate and ninhydrine, respectively. Also, new fused indole systems were prepared such as, pyrimido[2',1':3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3(4H)-one 8, 9, 11, 12 and 1Himidazo[ 2',1':3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-2(3H)-one 10 when compound 1 reacted with bifunctional compounds. The structures of the products were elucidated from their elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR and13C-NMR and mass spectra). The antimicrobial activity of some of the synthesized compounds was also determined.

الحارثي ، وفاء سعد عوض

المالكي، بدور متعب علي

To date, no fused heterocycles are built in folic acid molecule, for this reason and others, our target is to synthesize new derivatives of folic acid as isolated or fused system. Folic acid 1 reacted with ethyl pyruvate, triethyl orthoformate, ethyl chloroformate, thioformic acid hydrazide and aldehydes to give new isolated derivatives of folic acid 111-115a,b. Also, reacted with benzylidene malononitrile, acetylacetone, ninhydrin, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate and ethyl chloroacetate to give the pteridine fused systems 119-124, respectively. Ethoxycarbonylamino derivate 114 reacted with some nucleophiles containing NH2 group such as aminoguanidinium hydrocarbonate, hydrazine hydrate, glycine, thioformic acid hydrazide and sulfa drugs in different conditions to give the urea derivatives 125-129a,b. Compound 113 reacted with the same nucleophiles to give the methylidene amino derivatives 130-133a,b. The fused compound 119 reacted with thioglycolic acid carbon disulfide, malononitrile and formamide to give the four cyclic fused systems 134-139, respectively. Some of the synthesized compound screened for their biological activity and showed moderate effect against bacteria but no effect shown towards fungi. Keywords: folic acid, glutamic acid, imidazo[2,1-b]pteridine, pyrimido[2,1-b]pteridine, tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]pteridine, biological activity.

المالكي ، بدور متعب علي

To date, no fused heterocycles are built in folic acid molecule, for this reason and others, our target is to synthesize new derivatives of folic acid as isolated or fused system. Folic acid 1 reacted with ethy1 pyruvate, trieth1 orthoformate, ethy1 chloroformate, thioformic acid hydrazide and aldehydes to give new isolated derivatives of folic acid 111-115a,b. Also, reacted with benzylidene malononitrile, acetylacetone, ninhydrin, ethy1 acetoacetate, ethy1 cyanoacetate and ethy1 chloroacetate to give the pteridine fused systems 119-124, respectively. Ethoxycarbonylamino derivate 114 reacted with some nucleophiles containing NH2 group such as aminoguanidinium hydrocarbonate, hydrazine hydrate, glycine, thioformic acid hydrazide and sulfa drugs in different conditions to give the urea derivatives 125-129a,b. Compound 113 reacted with the same nucleophiles to give the methylidene amino derivatives 130-133a,b. The fused compound 119 reacted with thioglycolic acid carbon disulfide, malononitrile and formamide to give the four cyclic fused systems 134-139, respectively. Some of the synthesized compound screened for their biological activity and showed moderate effect against bacteria but no effect shown towards fungi.

الحارثي ، رباب رزيق زايد

• في هذا البحث تم تشييد المركب البدائي 4,2,1 – ترايازينو [ 6,5 – ب ] إندول بتسخين مادة الأيساتين مع ثيوكربوهيدر ازيد في حمض الخليك اللامائي . • تم مفاعلة المركب 4,2,1 – ترايازينو [ 6,5 – ب ] إندول مع كل من النشادر والهيدرازين كلا على حده في الكحول الإثيلي الساخن لنحصل على المركبان 4 H - 4,2,1 - ترايازينو [ 6.5 – ب ] إندول 4.3 – ثنائي الأمين 2 و 3- هيدرازينو 4H - 4,2,1 - ترايازينو [ 6,5 – ب ] إندول – 4 – أمين . • كما تم حوقلة المركبن 2 و3 بمفاعلتهما ( كلا على حده ) مع كلور وفورمات الإثيل في وجود ثلاثي الإيثيل أمين كمادة حفزية وباستخدام داي ميثايل فورماميد الساخن كمذيب لنحصل على المركبان H1 – 4,2,1 – ترايازولو [ 5',1':3,4] 4,2,1 - ترايازينو [ 6,5 – ب ] إندول 4 و 4,3 – ثنائي هيدرو [ 1, 2 , 4 ,5 ] تترازينو [ 6',1' :3,4] [ 1, 2 , 4 ] – ترايازينو [ 6,5- ب ] إندول – 2 ( H1 ) أون . • ولإثبات تركيب المركب 5 معمليا تم مفاعلة المركب 1 مع سيمي كربازيد باستخدام داي ميثايل فورماميد الساخن كمذيب لنحصل على مركب رقم 5. • تم مفاعلة مركب انهيدريد حمض الماليك مع المركب 1 باستخدام أشعة الميكروويف لنحصل على 1 – (3 – مركبتو – 4H - [ 4,2,1 ] ترايازينو [ 6,5- ب ] إندول – 4 – يل ) – H1 – بيرول – 5،2 – ثنائي أون 6 . • وبتشعيع المركب 1 بأشعة الميكروويف في وجود حمض الخليك الثلجي أعطي ن – ( 3 – مركبتو – 4 H - [4,2,1 ] - ترايازينو [ 6,5- ب ] إندول -4-يل ) أسيتاميد 7 . • تم تكثيف مركب 1 مع الألدهيدات مثل البنز الديهايد والثيوفينالدهيد في الكحول الإثيلي وقطرات من حمض الهيدروكلوريك ليعطى قاعدة شيف 8a,8b على التوالي • بمفاعلة مركب 1 مع ثيوسيانات الآمونيوم في حمض الخليك الثلجي أعطى مشتق الثيويوريان – ( 3 – مركبتو – 4H - [ 4,2,1 ] ترايازينو [ 6,5- ب ] إندول – 4 – يل )ثيويوريا 9 و H1 – 4,2,1 – ترايازولو [ 5',1' :3:4] [4,2,1] – ترايازينو [ 6,5- ب ] إندول – 2 ( H3) ثايون 10 على التوالي . • وتم مفاعلة المركب 1 مع الفينل أيزوثيوسيانات أعطى ن – ( 3 – مركبتو – H4 - [4,2,1 ] – ترايازينو[ 6،5 - ب ] إندول – 4 – يل ) – ن – فينيل ثيويوريا 11 . • وأخيرا تم مفاعلة المركب 1 مع الإيثيل سيانوأسيتات في الحكول الساخن في وجود ايثوكسيد الصوديوم وأعطى إيثيل ( 4 – أمينو – 4 H - [4,2,1] – ترايازينو [ 6,5 – ب ] إندول – 4 – بل ) سيانواسيتات 12 والذي حولقته بزيدة مدة التسخين إلى إيثيل 2 – أمينو - H1 بيرازولو [ 5',1':3,4 ] [ 4,2,1 ] – ترايازينو [ 6,5 – ب ] إندول كربوكسلات 13 .

العتيبي ، أسماء عبد العزيز

Novel polyheterocyclic nitrogen systems such as 2-amino-1H-pyrazolo-[5',1':3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-3-carbonitrile 180, which is first time synthesized in the present work, is considered as starting material for synthesis more novel polyheterocyclic systems with five fused rings and sometime eight fused rings via heterocyclization with α,β-bifunctioal reagents under different conditions. Former structure of the products were established from their correct elemental analysis and spectral data, some of the new targets exhibited high antimicrobial activity in vitro towards E. coli MB 3270, P. Aeruginosa RT 1826 Salmonella ATCC 9207 as gram negative bacteria, S. aureus RT 1664 as gram positive bacteria, also, against Candida and S. cerevisiae ATCC 7102.

الشهراني ، رفعة عبد الله فهاد

Targeted synthesis of 2 -(methylsulfany1)-6 -(furan-2 y1 )- 4 ( 3 H ) Selenoxo - pyrimidine-5- carbonitrile Was failed due to formation 1- methyl -2-methylsulfany 1 – 6 – oxo – 4 – (furan-2-y1) – 1,6 - dihydropyrimidine – 5 – carbonitile . A new series of 5,6,7,8,- tetrahydro-1-benzo – thieno [2,3-d] pyrimidine-4- substituted selanyl derivatives were prepared by the reaction of Na2Se2 with 4- chloro-5,6,7,8, tetrahydro-1-benzoothieno[2,3,-d]pyrimidine followed by the reactions with halo acids such as ethyl chloroacetate or chloro acetamide or chloro acetonitrile . Hydrazinolysis of ethyl (5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-1-benzothieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine -4-yselanyl) acetate with hydrazine hydrate gave hydrazine derivative .the later react with ethyl acetoacetate and acetyl acetone afforded 5-methl-2-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-benzothieno [2,3-d] pyrimidine-4-ylselanyl)-acetyl]2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3one and 1- (3,5dimethyl-pyrazol-1-y1)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-benzothieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine-4-ylselanyl) ethanone respectively. The structure of newly synthesized compound was confirmed by spectroscopic tools IR 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ,mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis . the newly of synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their inhibitory activity against a variety of bacteria .

الحجي ، بشاير عبد الغني

The work of this thesis investigated the possibility of synthesis of high-density composites of zirconium nitride ZrN and zirconium silicide ZrSi2 by dynamic combustion synthesis starting with a powder blend of Zr, Si3N4 and additives to be used in decoration, cutting and abrasive tools. Combustion synthesis process utilizes the heat released from exothermic reaction to complete the reaction in a self-sustaining manner. The Potential advantages of this process are simple reactor, rapid synthesis, self-heating, energy saving and self-purification due to impurity out gassing. Combustion synthesis has the capability of producing high density bodies by applying dynamic compaction during the process. The effect of some additives such as zirconia ZrO2, zirconium carbide ZrC2 and cobalt Co on the composite properties was investigated. In case of no additives, the composite of ZrN/ZrSi2prepared using 14.23 µm Zr and pressed at 234 MPa had a porosity of 2.3 vol% and a hardness of 1115 HV. Additions of ZrO2 slightly improved the hardness of sample with a maximum hardness of 1165 HV and porosity of 4.5 vol% at 20 wt% ZrO and 234 MPa. ZrC additives significantly improved the hardness of the composite to 1297 HV and reduced the porosity to less than 1.0 vol% at 20 wt% additives and 234 MPa. On the other hand, Co additions not only improved the composite hardness but also resulted in attractive shiny luster with a maximum hardness of 1244 HV and porosity of less than 1.0 vol% at 10 wt% Co and 327 MPa. Finally, the composites reinforced with 20 wt% ZrO2 at 234 MPa with 14.23 µm Zirconium particle size and that reinforced with 20 wt% ZrC were recommended to use as cutting and abrasive tools. While the 10 wt% Co composite could be used as alternatives to jewelries and as tools decoration

الطلحي ، هناء عبد العزيز

الحارثي ، منى عوض الله مرزوق

العتيبي، ممدوح مسفر مشاري

The thesis concentrates on selected poems of Langston Hughes' poetry, one of the pioneers of the African-American literature and Harlem Renaissance. It treats how these selected poems reflect the image of the blacks and their individual and collective dreams in an American racist community. One of the main objectives of the thesis is to attempt to portray the concept of ''dream'' in Hughes' poetry and the significance of his utilization of ''dreams'' in his poems. A close examination of Hughes' poetry reveals that his poems are, to a large extent, characterized by ''dreams'' as a means to achieve a prosperous life to the African-Americans. In Hughes' poems, freedom, equality, and brotherhood nearly represent the central concerns of his dream poetry as an African-American poet. Therefore, certain poems of Hughes' poetry will be selected and analyzed to bring to the fore the dreams these selections depict and to show how Hughes takes the issues of his race into his consideration. Usually, people prefer to live in dreams in order to escape the bitter reality of their lives and to make their lives bearable. No wonder that Hughes, as an oppressed African- American poet, dreams about freedom, equality, and brotherhood that all African-Americans strive to attain. Based on the poems selected, it seems that Hughes employs his dream poetry to display an optimistic view of the future despite the oppression that he experiences. As an African-American poet, Hughes delineates in his poems his hopeful dreams to achieve freedom and equality to his fellow men. Finally, the central objective of this thesis is to present the collective dreams the African-Americans aspire to fulfill in an oppressive system and the struggle that accompanies. To fulfill the African-American collective dreams has been an obstacle and impossible because of several factors such as racial segregation, white supremacy, and skin color. Despite these factors, the selected poems portray Hughes' sense of optimism and hopeful insight to see the dreams of freedom, equality, and brotherhood one day come true.

البقمي ، تغريد صنيدح ميل

The Age of Innocence is Edith Wharton’s strong indictment of the patriarchal American society of the last decades of the 19th century. The society maintains its stability and continuity by enforcing a set of rigid rules and strict social codes upon its members. For instance, men and women have clearly defined, albeit lopsided, gender roles to perform and social expectations to fulfill. Men are expected to be family breadwinners, but also leaders, thinkers, and arbiters of social tastes and codes of behavior. Women are expected to be “innocent” and pure before marriage, and loyal wives and dedicated mothers after marriage. Studying these patriarchal divisions and the mechanisms of their enforcement, the thesis will argue that social stability and traditional continuity in such a society entail the oppression of women and the corruption of the supposed “innocence” of the society. For such patriarchal divisions privilege men by giving them power and freedom, while depriving women of equal freedom and equal access to power. Within this context, the thesis will show how these enforced traditional gender roles produce judgmental double standards, especially with regard to gender equality and sexuality, that further contribute to the oppression of women. Finally, the thesis will argue that the society’s rigidly policed gender divisions, enforced social codes, and morally unacceptably double standards take their toll not only on women’s emotional fulfillment and happiness, but also on men’s, as the emotionally unfulfilled lives of the leading characters of the novel testify. From a related perspective, instead of being an “Age of Innocence,” Wharton ironically depicts an age of corruption, as men and women are forced, under the pressures of social and gender expectations, to feign “innocence,” to engage in hypocritical patterns of behavior, and to sacrifice their love lives for the sake of maintaining a proper social appearance

الحارثي ، ود عبد الرحمن عايض

The present study was an attempt to evaluate the toxic effect of cadmium chloride and the ameliorative role of L-Carnitine or selenium in alleviating or reducing the toxicity of cadmium when given to normal mice. Many documented studies have shown that cadmium produces various toxic effects which have a potential threat to human health. It is well known that selenium and L-Carnitine have been reported to be effective antioxidant agents. This study was done in 70 mature male mice, which were divided into 7 main groups; each group consists of 10 mice. The total antioxidant status, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile as well as male sex hormone and some immunological parameter (INF-α) levels were measured. Moreover, histopathological changes of some vital organs (liver, testis, brain and kidney) were examined by light microscope, TEM and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for different groups. In addition to the comet assay study of testis tissue and liver mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. The results indicated that cadmium exposure was resulted in­ significant decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities of kidney, testis, liver and spleen tissues. Significant increases of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, urea and total protein concentrations were reported. Moreover, the histopathological evaluation of kidney, testis and liver of treated mice showed severe changes in their structures. The use of supportive natural compounds like selenium and L-Carnitine separately and in combination against cadmium toxicity revealed that they considered as the best and safer treatment for hazardous side effects of cadmium. Keywords: Cadmium; Selenium; L-Camitine; Oxidative Damage; Free Radicals The present study was an attempt to evaluate the toxic effect of cadmium chloride and the ameliorative role of L-Carnitine or selenium in alleviating or reducing the toxicity of cadmium when given to normal mice. Many documented studies have shown that cadmium produces various toxic effects which have a potential threat to human health. It is well known that selenium and L-Carnitine have been reported to be effective antioxidant agents. This study was done in 70 mature male mice, which were divided into 7 main groups; each group consists of 10 mice. The total antioxidant status, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile as well as male sex hormone and some immunological parameter (INF-α) levels were measured. Moreover, histopathological changes of some vital organs (liver, testis, brain and kidney) were examined by light microscope, TEM and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for different groups. In addition to the comet assay study of testis tissue and liver mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. The results indicated that cadmium exposure was resulted in­ significant decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities of kidney, testis, liver and spleen tissues. Significant increases of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, urea and total protein concentrations were reported. Moreover, the histopathological evaluation of kidney, testis and liver of treated mice showed severe changes in their structures. The use of supportive natural compounds like selenium and L-Carnitine separately and in combination against cadmium toxicity revealed that they considered as the best and safer treatment for hazardous side effects of cadmium. Keywords: Cadmium; Selenium; L-Camitine; Oxidative Damage; Free Radicals