الشريف ، نورة إبراهيم

Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth and a disorder causing mainly mental retardation. While Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the lead to infectious cause of mental retardation and hearing loss in newborn. As the two syndromes can be infect the newborn infants causing serious problems so our study is aimed to find if there is correlation between Congenital Hypothyroidism and Human Cytomegalovirus among newborns in Taif governorate. During this study a total number of 3432 blood samples were collected from newborn during neonatal program for early discovery of thyroid disease in Taif governorate at a period from April 2015 till November 2015. In these study used serological techniques ELISA and chemilumenscent were applied for detecting the antibodies of CMV and TSH. The results that obtained in this study showed that there is no correlation between congenital hypothyroidism and congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn.

العتيبي، لمياء مسفر عبدالله

The Enterococci are now receiving increased attention because of its resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs. The goal of this study is to isolate Enterococci associated with UTIs in order to determine their susceptibility to various antimicrobials and their ability to form biofilm. For this study, 224 samples of urine from UTI patients of various age groups were obtained. All samples were analyzed using traditional methods and biochemical testing, and the diagnostic results showed 30 Enterococcus spp isolates. The findings obtained were seen using the API 20 strep system; 22 isolates Enterococcus faecalis with 73.3% and 8 isolates of Enterococcus faecium with 26.6%. The isolates' antibiotic resistance profiles were evaluated against 15 antimicrobial agents, the results showed that the Enterococci isolates were resistant to all except linezolid and tigecycline antibiotics. In addition, the ability of isolates to form biofilms was tested in laboratory using two methods; Congo red agar and the microtiter plate (MTP) method, the results showed that 23 (76.6%) of Enterococci isolates were reported as isolates forming biofilms using CRA method. However, using the MTP method for biofilm formation detection, tests showed that all Enterococci 30 isolates (100%) were able to produce biofilms at different rates; 13 (43.3%) of isolates were high producers and 17 (56.6%) were moderately producers. With respect to the correlation between antibiotic resistance and the production of biofilms, strong biofilm producing isolates showed highly resistant to most of the tested antibiotics. Of the 30 biofilms producing Enterococci isolates 21 isolates were characterized using PCR at the 16S rRNA molecular level. According to BLAST program on NCBI database, the identity and coverage percentages were ranged from 86-100% and 99-100%, respectively. For detection of genes related of biofilm formation; the esp, ebpA and ebpB were detected in the selected isolates (n =21) using PCR reaction. The obtained data revealed that all tested isolates were harbored the selected biofilm encoding genes. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Enterococci bacteria associated with urinary tract infection are MDR bacteria for antibiotics. Enterococci bacteria possess an arsenal of virulence factors, the most important of which is the ability to form biofilm which makes antibiotics difficult to treat. It is therefore important to search for medical options that can be used when treatment with antibiotics fails.

القرني ، نوال ظافر

In this work, different amounts (0.5, 1.5, and 4%) of alloyed Co were added to a Ni52Ti48 shape memory alloy (SMA) at the expense of Ti, to yield three ternary SMAs with increased amounts of alloyed Co, namely Ni52Ti47.5Co0.5, Ni52Ti46.5Co1.5, and Ni52Ti44Co4 Various electrochemical techniques were employed to assess the corrosion resistance of these alloys in physiological 0.9 wt% NaCl solution for biomedical applications. Such electrochemical studies are complemented with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the as-polished and corroded surfaces. Open-circuit-potential (EOC) was first monitored for each alloy to define its domains of corrosion (passivation/depassivation) and achieving a steady-state potential value. Tafel extrapolation and linear polarization (LPR) methods were conducted for accurate evaluation of the uniform corrosion rates. Electrochemical findings showed that the corrosion resistance of the studied SMAs enhances significantly with increase in the concentration of alloyed Co. These findings were attributed to the passivation influence of alloyed Co, as evidenced from XPS examinations. XPS study proved that alloyed Co not only increases stability of the passive layer, but also precludes significant Cl-adsorption. Morphological studies came to the same conclusion and revealed that the corroded areas greatly diminished with Co concentration. Microstructure changes made by alloyed Co were also used to interpret its passivation impact.

الثقفي، عهود زيد هلال

Photogalvanic cell pertaining to the production of electricity from light. In this study first we formed self-assembles lyotropic liquid crystals in the lamellar (Lα) phase by using Brij-35 and in the hexagonal (H1) phase by using Tritonx-100 and we illustrate the two phases of LLC by using polarized optical microscope. Chlorophyll was extracted from spinach leaves and algae by different ways to use it as a photo agent. After that we used UV-Vis spectrometry to see the behavior of dyes in each phase and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to study the electrochemical properties. The main study is a novel attempt at power production was attempted with the construction and optimization of a photogalvanic cell system. A system using N-methyl phenothiazine (NMP) was used as an active photoagent prepared in the Lα phase of the crystalline liquid. Indium Tin Oxide was also used as light electrode and zinc as a dark electrode and chloroform was used as a mediator. The study aimed to create a cell that could be produced using industrial run-off or other waste water supplies. A series of cells was produced with varying concentrations of NMP solutions and the power conversions studied by producing a voltage-current plot for each system. The photopotential, photocurrent and power generated by the photogalvanic cell were 0.792 V, 27.647 μA and 21.89 μW respectively. The determined conversion efficiency of cell was determined as 27.305% and fill factor was 0.242. A mechanism was proposed for the power production process and so studies using 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP) rather than chloroform we conducted; it was believed that the dissociation step for DCP was step wise rather than concerted. Lower power production was seen in these cell as predicted by the reaction mechanism. Chlorophyll used as a replacement of photo agent (NMP) an alternative light harvester to NMP, was used to see if altering the active chemical agent resulted in efficiency change.

العطاس ، أفنان عبد الله عبدالرحمن

العوفي ، الهنوف علي عبد المعين

القثامي، وائل سليم مثيب

The most important characteristics of hydrogen as fuel is its high capacity to store energy, which is three times higher than that of liquid fuel, such as gasoline. Hydrogen fuel is the only fuel that does not cause any harmful emissions when burned with oxygen, as the only result after burned is water vapor. Developments, of efficient and durable electrocatalyst for hydrogen production is one of the main challenges for materials science. In this thesis, we investigated the synthesis and design a highly active and stable hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst material based on ZrO2 modified with cation substitutions. The rational design of the electrocatalyst tried to maintain the highest electrical conductivity, catalytic activity and stability. The effect of solution pH (2.6, 7.0,11 and 14) on the phase composition and electrocatalytic activity of hydrothermally produced ZrO2 was studied. Also, the effect of W6+ ionic substitutions on the structure, morphology and electrocatalytic activity was investigated. The structure, size, morphology, and property of all produced ZrO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal analysis (TG) and ATR-FTIR Spectrometer. The produced ZrO2 nanoparticles were evaluated as electrocatalyst for hydrogen production. In the case of low pH value (2.6) and high pH value (14) the products are only monoclinic phase but, in the case of pH (7-11) the products are mixture of both monoclinic and tetragonal phase. The particles size increase with increasing the pH. The ATR-FTIR spectra proved that all ZrO2 contain surface O-H groups. The hydrogen evolution activity increase with increasing the synthesis pH up to pH=11, i.e ZrO2 prepared at pH=11 showed the highest electocatalytic activity. The electrocatalytic activity of V ZrO2 nanoparticles is correlated with the presence of surface O-H groups. Increasing the amount of W substitution increases the amount of tetragonal phase and decreases the particles size. The hydrogen evolution activity increase with increasing the W-substitution up to 2% (ZrO2-W2), then decreased with 3% W-substitution (ZrO2-W3). Also, this result proves the previous conclusion that the electrocatalytic activity of ZrO2 nanoparticles is correlated with the presence of surface O-H groups.

القثامي، وائل سليم مثيب

The most important characteristics of hydrogen as fuel is its high capacity to store energy, which is three times higher than that of liquid fuel, such as gasoline. Hydrogen fuel is the only fuel that does not cause any harmful emissions when burned with oxygen, as the only result after burned is water vapor. Developments, of efficient and durable electrocatalyst for hydrogen production is one of the main challenges for materials science. In this thesis, we investigated the synthesis and design a highly active and stable hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst material based on ZrO2 modified with cation substitutions. The rational design of the electrocatalyst tried to maintain the highest electrical conductivity, catalytic activity and stability. The effect of solution pH (2.6, 7.0,11 and 14) on the phase composition and electrocatalytic activity of hydrothermally produced ZrO2 was studied. Also, the effect of W6+ ionic substitutions on the structure, morphology and electrocatalytic activity was investigated. The structure, size, morphology, and property of all produced ZrO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal analysis (TG) and ATR-FTIR Spectrometer. The produced ZrO2 nanoparticles were evaluated as electrocatalyst for hydrogen production. In the case of low pH value (2.6) and high pH value (14) the products are only monoclinic phase but, in the case of pH (7-11) the products are mixture of both monoclinic and tetragonal phase. The particles size increase with increasing the pH. The ATR-FTIR spectra proved that all ZrO2 contain surface O-H groups. The hydrogen evolution activity increase with increasing the synthesis pH up to pH=11, i.e ZrO2 prepared at pH=11 showed the highest electocatalytic activity. The electrocatalytic activity of ZrO2 nanoparticles is correlated with the presence of surface O-H groups. Increasing the amount of W substitution increases the amount of tetragonal phase and decreases the particles size. The hydrogen evolution activity increase with increasing the W-substitution up to 2% (ZrO2-W2), then decreased with 3% W-substitution (ZrO2-W3). Also, this result proves the previous conclusion that the electrocatalytic activity of ZrO2 nanoparticles is correlated with the presence of surface O-H groups.

القرني، هدى محمد

This work aimed to study moss flora of two areas at Taif city near Shafa and to detect the impact of available environmental factors on the occurrence of moss species, sexual and vegetative reproductive organs. Two excursions were set from 2011 to 2012 in summer and winter seasons . This work includes , diagnostic descriptions and identification keys for all moss taxa recorded in the study area . The study resulted 30 species belong to 16 genera, 6 families and 6 orders. Five taxa are new records to moss flora of Saudi Arabia bringing to 122 species and 20 taxa are new records to moss flora of Taif bringing it to 44 taxa. Taxa recorded there are common with those in south Hijaz territory in Saudi Arabia , Oman, Europe and North America . Both factors affecting the occurrence of moss taxa and producing reproductive organs in the study area were studied . Seasonality effect frequencies of some taxa . Soil thickness study indicates long duration of mosses in the study area. The opinion of buffering temperature by mosses coincides with results in summer but not in winter . The study cleared also that most taxa in the study area preferred sunny sites, north direction and high altitude which emphasis them as xerophytic taxa. Also, the production of reproductive organs was affected by seasonality, archegonia, antheridia and gemmae increase in summer (rainy season) while Sporophytes in winter . Taxa found on thick layer of soil produce more reproductive organs . Sporophytes shown to prefer high altitude, cold samples and sunny sites in winter while gemmae prefer mild altitude, hot samples and sunny sites in summer .

الثقفي، سهام سفر عيضة

Seasonal fluctuations of aphid populations were conducted on twelve selected ornamental plants during 2015 and 2016 seasons. For 2015 season, data shown that there are different appearance of aphid densities on four ornamental plants, Rosa damascene var trigintipetala, Tecomastans, Rosa damascene and Jasminum grandiflorum, While there were no recorded infestation of aphids on three selected ornamental plants, schefflera actinophylla, Nerium oleander and Bougainvillea sp. Aphid Populations started to appear on the infested ornamental plants from the beginning of March till the mid of June with variance oscillation on the infested plants. Eleven aphid species were recorded on 18 ornamental plants and belonging to family Aphididae and subfamily (Aphidinae), eight species were belonging to tribe Macrosiphini while three species were belonging to tribe Aphidini. The combined effect of the main weather factors and natural enemies was evaluated to form the relation between these factors and the changes in the population intensity of aphid populations. The Effect of Radiant SC 12% on Macrosiphum rosae was studied with six concentration, where the highest mortality percent were recorded after 96 hours when treated with the two concentrations 7.5 and 15 ppm where they recorded 100 % mortality. Also the potential effect of methyl amine avermactine as was measured against aphids. Offering aphids rose leaves treated with 1.5 and 3.1 ppm methyl amine avermactine caused 100% mortality after 72 hours.

المالكي، عبدالله صالح

Parkinsonia aculeata L,( Fabaceae), is a shrubby. The present study aims at evaluating the state of Parkinsonia aculeata and associated species to adapt different environmental conditions, identifying the patterns and sizes in terms of dimensions, size structure and density, illustrating the morphological variations among a number of stands distributed in different localities in Taif region, searching about the sources of these variations and demonstrating the link between environmental changes and persistence of trait diversity, studying the Karyotype of the Parkinsonia aculeata species and achieving of the chromosome number involved, declaring the environmental impacts on the molecular level (protein study), and establishing of the genetic variability on environmental factors relationships. Twenty two stands were selected along Taif region and its adjacent area to represent the environmental variations that associated with the distribution of Parkinsonia aculeata. Ecological, morphological, cytogenetic and biomolecular studies were carried out. The total number of recorded species associated with Parkinsonia aculeata in the study area is 78 species belonging to 62 genera and 24 families. The family Poaceae have the highest contributions to the total flora, followed by Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Zygophyllaceae. The chamaephytes had the highest contribution in the study area, followed by therophytes, phanerophytes and Geophytes. The economic uses of the recorded species could be arranged descendingly as follows: grazing  medicinal  other uses fuel human food. The mono-regionals species were the highest, followed by bi-regional species and pluri-regional. Fourteen of the mono-regional species are Sudano-Zambezian species and 8 species are Saharo-Arabian species. The application of Multivariate analysis led to the recognition of 3 vegetation groups (communities): Parkinsonia aculeata are: A:Ochradenus baccatus group, B:Trianthema portulacastrum group, and C:Commicarpus sinuatus group. No germination of the pierced seeds of Parkinsonia aculeata in the first two days, the germination is increased highly during three and four days , then increased gradually till the 6th day. The results indicated that some of morphological characters increased with the increase of altitude such as width of leaflet and petals, while others decreased with the increase of altitude such as internode length, leaf length, and number of leaflets / leaf, seeds/fruit and fruit/in florescene. The total mean of size index-class frequency distributions of Parkinsonia aculeata population approximated the inverse J-shape at altitudes lower than 1700 m above sea level towards the relative preponderance of small individuals and approximate to negative skewed shape at altitudes more than 1700 m above sea level towards the relative preponderance of large individuals. The diploid chromosome number of Parkinsonia aculeata was found to be 2n = 28. Most of its chromosomes were metacentric and sub metacentric pairs. Generally, one can concluded that protein expression for P. aculeata plant samples was generally decreased at the level of intensity of protein bands as altitude increase. DNA was extracted and build a karyotype. Results proved molecular genetic study PCR of five primers for the presence of genetic differences between the samples studied. The results were discussed and compared with other related studies. Key words: Cytogenetic - Parkinsonia aculeata - Multivariate - Chorotypes - Taif - Saudi Arabia - PCR - Karyotype.

الطويرقي ، فاطمة أحمد محمد

الطويرقي ، تهاني خلف

البقمي، موضي منصور سلطان

This thesis consists of four chapter we will introduce them as follow: Chapter 1: This chapter displays a general introduction as well as some general definitions and some fundamental equations for elastodynamic problems. Chapter 2: In this chapter, the deformation and the corresponding stresses in an elastic rotating about its axis with a constant angular velocity is investigated. The present investigation is concerned with the effect of rotation and magnetic field on an infinite circular cylinder subjected to certain boundary conditions. An analytical procedure for evaluation of thermal stresses, displacements, and temperature in rotating cylinder subjected to thermal load along the radius is presented. Effect of rotation and magnetic field are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence and absence of rotation and magnetic field. The results indicate that the effect of rotation and magnetic are very pronounced. Chapter 3: In this chapter, an estimation has been made to investigate the deformation, temperature, and the radial and hoop stresses in isotropic elastic cylinder subjected to rotation and magnetic field. The cylinder deforms because of thermal shock, and due to the application of the magnetic field and rotation, the result an induced magnetic and rotation in the cylinder. An analytical procedure for evaluation of the displacement, temperature, thermal stresses in a rotating elastic cylinder subjected to thermal load along the radius is presented. Effect of rotation and magnetic field are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence and absence of rotation and magnetic field. The results indicate that the effect of rotation and magnetic field are very pronounced. Chapter 4: In this chapter, we estimated an analytical study of the displacement, stress, temperature in an rotating isotropic homogeneous elastic medium hollow sphere subjected to periodic loading. The numerical calculation are carried out for the displacement temperatures the stresses . The results are displayed graphically to illustrate the effect of rotation and magnetic field are very pronounced .

العبيدي، ماجد عبدالله احمد

Laurus nobilis Essential Oil (EO) as well as Brassica Juncea (Mustard oil) including: antimicrobial, minimum inhibition concentration MIC, antioxidant, and anticancer activity. Average of EO extracted from dried Rosmarinus officinalis and Laurus nobilis leaves by steam distillation were 0.7‐1.5% and 0.8 ‐1.4% v/w respectively. Meanwhile, the seed of Brassica Juncea extracted by mechanical press was 39‐48 % oil. The chemical constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and Laurus nobilis EO were identified by GC/MS, α‐ pinen (27.21, 10.56%), 1,8 cineole (18.55 , 40.78%) were found to be main components. While mustard oil had Sixteen phenolic compounds identified by HPLC. Physicochemical properties of oil plants were determined. Twenty bacterial strains (M01 –M20) were isolates from traded diets in restaurants at Taif City – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under aerobic conditions and characterized by morphology and some biochemical characteristics. All isolates were divided into three groups, bacilli, cocci, and short rods. The strains were further identified by partial 16SrRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. fiveteen strains were identified by 97‐100% identity including Bacillus circulance (4), Bacillus subtilis (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), and Echerichia coli (4).Other isolates were identified by 85‐92% identity , therefore may be considered as new species and named : Bacillus sp. (M07,M09,M10) and Staphylococcus sp. (M12,M13) In conclusion, Rosmarinus officinalis and Laurus nobilis EO had a substantial inhibitory effect on all assayed bacteria strains. Meanwhile, Brassica Juncea oil was possessed no antibacterial activity against on all tested bacteria. The bacterial strains tested were found to be sensitive to essential oils studied and showed very effective bactericidal activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 25‐ 125 μl/ml . In addition the highest free radical scavenging was recorded 85.53 % at 30μl/ml of Rosmarinus officinalis EO . Brassica Juncea oil was providing 50% inhibition (IC50) against Hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HEPG‐2 ) at 0.1 μl/ml oil concentration, meanwhile Laurus nobilis EO was 0.4 % μl/ml against colon carcinoma cells ( HCT ) .