الثبيتي ، ليلى خلف عيضه

الثقفي ، نسيم سفر

الثقفي، نسيم سفر

The present study intended to investigate to what extent do the classroom management skills (CMS) of Saudi female English language teachers meet active learning priciples. The study adopted a descriptive methodology, using a observation sheet and a questionnaire which were applied to 25 English language teachers; through them the researcher could determine to what extent do the classroom management skills of Female English language teachers at elementary stage match active learning principles (ALP). The obtained results showed that despite the importance of active learning as one of the recent trends in education, they were not treated seriously in the field of education; English language teachers need effective training programmes in teaching strategies, especially active learning strategies because they still use traditional methods such as lecturing and grammar translation methods in their teaching.

العصيمي ، منال نوار راجح

القدسي ، أبرار عبد الستار

This study has been motivated by the affordability and popularity of mobile applications as language learning materials. The study tries to contribute to the emerging field of mobile assisted language learning (MALL) by deeply evaluating the design of current mobile English grammar learning applications (henceforth referred to as MEGLA) available on Android system from regular MALL users’ perspective. In essence, these regular MALL users are either ESL teachers or learners. The reason of restricting the evaluation on MEGLA available on Android OS is the fact that currently Android dominates the OS market. In order to fulfill this objective, the researcher had to explore determinants which affect the decision regular MALL users make on a selection of an app. To achieve this, semi structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with regular MALL app users. They were ESL teachers and undergraduate students at Taif University. Then, thematic analysis was applied to extract themes from transcriptions. Findings of the interviews showed that the number of downloads, app rating, suggestions from teachers or colleagues, cost, and the logo design are the most salient determinants of an app for potential download. These findings were applied then to retrieve a sample of five mobile English grammar learning applications (MEGLA) available on Android OS. A paper-based, self-administered questionnaire was then distributed amongst 25 regular app users for evaluation. The questionnaire was developed based on Hubbard’s (2006) CALL evaluation framework and Yu-Yin et al. (2018) m-learning success model. The questionnaire endeavors to link together aspects of English language teaching materials evaluation represented in CALL courseware evaluation framework to success measurements proposed in the information system success (ISS) models. By far, and to the researcher best knowledge, the (ISS) model has never been used to evaluate MALL applications. Results showed that respondents highly evaluated technical features of MEGLA regardless the absence of multimedia features in some of them. Moreover, respondents reported their general satisfaction with their experience using the apps although more than third of them said the apps did not motivate them to learn English grammar. Findings of the content quality part of the questionnaire showed that linguistic structuralism and pedagogical behaviorism approaches dominated MEGLA activities. These approaches are realized mostly in tutorials and drill activities focus on sentence level structure, and absence of communicative features. Such findings suggest that linguistic and pedagogical principles should be taken into account when developing MEGLA .

الثمالي، يوسف محمد عوض

Objectives: Professionalism has been considered one of the main outcomes of healthcare education where the focus is to create healthcare personnel who adopt appropriate attitudes, ethical behavior and legal approaches to the clinical practice. The current study was conducted to learn how successful is the TUDENT model of assessment of student professional behavior in terms of validity, reliability, feasibility and impact on student. Material and Methods: A Cross-section Descriptive Program Evaluation study was conducted. Final sample included 24 faculty members and 96 students. TUDENT model of professionalism assessment scale included seven item scales: Random observation classroom check (RCC), Laboratory inspection (LI), Course coordinator feedback (CCF), Integrated learning activity (ILA), Student reflection (SR), Dental clinical inspection (DCI) and Critical incident reporting (CIR). Cronbach‘s Alpha was measured to study the internal consistency of all the items included in the TUDENT model with alpha ≥ 0.70 as satisfactory internal consistency. Validity evidence was assessed by using Pearson‘s correlation coefficients. Discriminant validity was assessed one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Internal structure validity evidence was assessed by using principal component factor analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. Result: Cranach's alpha for all of the studied items showed values ranging from 0.7 to 0.9, showing high rate of internal reliability of TUDENT scale of professionalism assessment. Pearson‘s correlation values showed significant association between total professionalism scores and individual subscale scores with values of 'r' more than 0.5. PCA analysis for whole TUDENT model produced 9 factors (ROCC, LI, DCI, CCF, ILA, SR, CIR, TPS and SPS), with factor loading > 0.5 and Eigen values > 1 indicating satisfactory result of checked professionalism items. Conclusions: To conclude TUDENT model of assessment of student professional behavior showed satisfactory construct and discriminant validity with factor loading > 0.5 and Eigen values > 1. Further longitudinal studies are needed with more sample size to prove the results of the present study.

العتيبي، منال

The objective of the present work was to investigate the optical properties of Ge30-xSbx Se70 (x=0, 5, 10, 15 at. %) films. A bulk chalcogenide glasses of Ge30-xSbx Se70 were fabricated first by quenching technique and used as a source to preparing amorphous thin films via thermal evaporation method. The optical constants of these films have been determined by Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) measurements using a photon energy range of 0.73 to 5.06 eV at room temperature. The spectrum of imaginary parts of dielectric for all films is characterized by several peaks. Two groups of linear Combination of oscillators were employed for the analysis of these spectrums. First combination consist from two Tauc–Lorentz oscillators with one Gaussian oscillator (2TL+G) Second two Cody–Lorentz oscillators with one Gaussian (2CL+G) oscillators. Both groups of models behave very similarly and accurately fit to the experimental data. However the Second group models is more accurate in describing dielectric function in the absorption onset region. The effect of Sb content on the refractive index, extension coefficient and models’ parameters (Lorentz oscillator amplitude, resonance energy, oscillator width, optical band gap, and Urbach energy) are discussed.

الحربي ، فاطمة سليمان حسن

كلاب، زينب محمد محمود

Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases in the world and the number of new cases increases every day. Breast cancer in females is the most common diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. Despite the advances in treatments, the overall survival rate from breast cancer has not been improved substantially over the past 30 years. So, there is a need to develop novel approaches for therapies based on the targeting of cancer cells. Plants derived compounds, play a pivotal role in controlling hemostasis, by having potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. However, these natural products when used with entities in nanometer sizes enable to solve many of the inherent problems (stability, solubility and toxicity) associated with natural products, and also provide a platform for targeted delivery to tumor sites. Hence, these natural compounds together with chemotherapeutic drugs improve the efficacy of these agents in induction of apoptosis in cancer cells and overcome the problem of drug resistance. Ziziphus jujube (Ziziphus) plant has exhibited phytoestrogenic properties and has numerous medicinal and pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of natural product nano-particles and phytoestrogens; each alone or in combination with conventional drugs induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in vitro. Also the molecular mechanism, by which these agents influence apoptosis and anti-proliferative effect, were examined. To test the hypothesis, we were cultured breast cancer cells in vitro and treated with different target agents, and then evaluated the therapeutic effects of natural products nanoparticles and phytoestrogen combined with the target drug and explore the possible mechanisms involved. The present results showed that both, Ziziphus extract and natural product nanoparticles, individually or together with Tamoxifen, were successfully able to reduced proliferation and viability in the MCF-7 cells as a dose dependent manner. Also, they significantly increased the percentage of the DNA fragmentation in the combined with the upregulation of the apoptotic genes. Moreover, the combination of both extracts with Tamoxifen improves the effectiveness and sensitivity of conventional therapy and suggests that combined therapy may help to achieve the recommended goals in the management of breast cancer.

الشريف ، فاطمة عوض علي

The world of children is a mirror of their real surroundings, while the world of adolescent children exhibits a preview of the larger, more mature world of their community. This thesis will pursue a literary-critical analysis of the representations of the Latino child in contemporary American society through the following seminal Spanish-American texts: Sandra Cisneros’s The House on Mango Street (1984) and Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991), Gloria Anzaldua’s Friends from the Other Side/Amigos del Otro Lado (1993), and Judith Ortiz Cofer’s An Island Like You: Stories of the Barrio (1995). The study focuses on how and why Cisneros in some selected stories in Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories and Anzaldua in Friends from the Other Side portray children (from the age of six to the age of twelve) as immigrants, reporters, and warriors. It will also demonstrate how the images of individual characters are, in fact, representative of the collective cultural identity of this age group, defining their common conflicts and desires. This analysis will draw on post-colonial criticism and interpretive methodologies of modern literary theory, especially feminism and psychoanalysis. This study will ultimately examine the distinctive qualities these authors ascribe to adolescents in their journey of self-discovery. It, thus, demonstrates that a child character could, in fact, tell us more about the adult world of his/her community. Accordingly, this study will argue that although child characters are often simple and naïve, they serve both as portraits of young characters, and as recurring representations of the Latino community as a whole.

الجودي ، هدى سعود غازي

Red Sea waters contain hundreds of species of marine fungus that co-exist with algae in symbiotic, altered or parasitic living on their surface (epiphytic fungi) or inside their tissues (endophytic fungi), without causing harm to her it’s called (Algicolous). Twenty-four macro algae samples from the Red Sea coast (Shuaiba and Al Saif beach area south Jeddah) were collected from January 2018 to December 2018. Two isolation media were used for isolation epiphytic and endophytic fungi. Forty nine fungal species belonging to 22 genera were collected from 24 marine macro algae. Algicolous fungi wer identified by two methods morphological and Molecular characterization for some endophytic fungi. Aspergillus (11 species) and Penicillium (8 species) contributed the broadest spectrum of fungal species. Fourty epiphytes algicolous fungal species representing 20 genera were collected from 24 macroalgal species samples on Potato dextrose agar (18 genera and 33 species), and Glucose peptone yeast extract agar (14 genera , 30 species ), media. While31 species representing 14 genera were collected from 24 macroalgal species samples on Potato dextrose agar (12 genera and 25 species), and Glucose peptone yeast extract agar (13 genera, 28 species), media. There is basic similarity between the mycobiota of marine macroalgae on 2 isolation media with the most frequently fungi were Aspergillus flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Penicillium P. citrinum and P. polonicum. The PDA medium was supported a higher diversity of endophytes than GPY medium, and the Brown algae (Sargassum latifolium and Turbinaria conoides) harboured the highest from the isolates of endophytes and Green algae (Chaetomorpha crassa; Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) were in second place, while Red algae (Acanthophora spicifera ; Laurencia papillosa) had lowest diversity of endophytes. Genomic DNA of 50 collected endophytic fungi isolates isolated from some collections of algae freely was successfully extracted. The universal primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA from 50 collected endophytic fungi isolates. The BLAST search results were submitted to National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank of ITS sequences in these fungal isolates showed an overestimation of species clades. Seventeen species in the analysis (Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus caespitosus, Beauveria bassiana, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium equiseti, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium commune, Chaetomium seminis, Talaromyces verruculosus, Penicillium glaucoroseum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Curvularia australiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavipes and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) were paraphyletic in the analysis. Six endophtic fungi isolates were screened as bioactive agant on eignt microbial pathogen 3 grame positive 3 gram negative bacteria and 2 yeast specie. Three endophytic strains (Aspergillus. terreus; A. niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) exhibited strong activity against all bacterial and yeasts pathogen, whereas Penicillium glaucoroseum was a negative activity towards (E.coli; Candida albicans and Rhodotorula glutinis). Fusarium chlamydosporum was not exhibited activity towards Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. Finaly Talaromyces verruculosus was not exhibited activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the conclusion the present study has reported the following conclusions: endophytes and epiphytes algicolous fungi represent a large portion of the microbial community and are prolific producers of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. Currently, the major problem that human faces are the drug resistance which decreases substantially the effectiveness of old antibiotics. It is believed that searching for natural products synthesised by endophytes could be a promising way to solve the problem of drug resistance and meet the emergency demand of discovering highly effective and environment friendly antibiotics to fight against resistant microbial species

الأسمري، أميرة عبدالله محمد

In this thesis, we study explicit traveling wave solutions for some nonlinear evolution equations by using different methods namely the generalized Kudryashov method, extended trial equation method, modified ⁄- expansion method and the first integral method. We examine also the behavior of the exact solutions. In the first chapter, we talk about partial differential equations, their types and applications. We have stated historical background of the nonlinear partial differential equations. Also, we have discussed the analytic methods for solving the nonlinear partial differential equations. In the second chapter, the generalized Kudryashov method (GKM) is employed to construct the travelling wave solutions for some nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics namely (1+1)- dimensional integro-differential Ito equation, (2+1)- dimensional integro-differential Sawada-Kotera equation and two members of integro-differential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy equations. These equations play a very important role in the mathematical physics and engineering sciences. GKM has been performed to find exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. We obtain some new exact solutions. This method is efficient, powerful and simple. Furthermore, we note that this method is a generalized form of classical Kudryashov method. The contents of this chapter have been published in Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society. In the third chapter , we study the traveling wave solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics via the fifth order modified nonlinear Kawahara equation and two members of integro-differential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy equations by using the extended trial equation method. We obtain many new types of traveling wave solutions in hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, Jacobi elliptic functions solutions and rational solutions when the balance number is positive integers. The balance number is not constant as you show in other methods but changes by changing the trial equation. This method can be used to solve many nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics. The contents of this chapter have been submitted for publication in International Journal of Computer Mathematics and International Journal of Physical Sciences. Chapter four, we use the modified ⁄- expansion method to find the traveling wave solutions for some nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics namely the (1+1)- dimensional Ito integro-differential equation, the higher-order dispersive nonlinear Schrodinger equation, the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation and the generalized-Zakharov equations. When and are taken some special choices, some families of direct expansion methods are obtained to construct the traveling wave solutions for the nonlinear evolution equations in the mathematical physics. Based on these interesting results, we further give three forms of expansions methods via the modified - expansion method, modified - expansion method and modified ⁄- expansion function method when and satisfy decoupled differential equations , , where and are arbitrary constants. When the parameters are taken some special values the solitary wave is derived from the traveling waves. The contents of this chapter have been submitted for publication in International Journal of Physical Sciences. Chapter five, we apply the first integral method (FIM) to construct the traveling wave solution for some nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics. By using this method, we found some traveling wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system VIand the (2+1)-dimensional integro-differential Gardner equation. These equations play a very important role in the mathematical physics and engineering sciences. This method is based on the theory of commutative algebra. Furthermore, this method is very direct, efficient, powerful, simple and it can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations.

السفياني، مرام معتوق عطية

Given that teaching pronunciation has not been given enough attention in EFL— English as foreign language—classes, this study aimed to investigate what EFL teachers believed about teaching pronunciation, how they taught pronunciation, and what pronunciation training they had. To date, no study has explored teachers’ beliefs and practices about pronunciation instructions in Saudi context. This study surveyed teachers at Taif University, particularly, teachers of the English Language Centre (ELC). The data were gathered through an online web tool called SurveyMonkey. The responses from fifty-five English teachers were subjected to quantitative analysis via SPSS. The data from the openended questions were categorized under various themes. The results revealed that the teachers highly valued pronunciation teaching and most of them looked at it as important as teaching other skills. In addition, the findings showed that the teachers had a positive tendency toward pronunciation teaching. For instance, all of the teachers said that they taught pronunciation in their classes, regardless of the amount of time they spent in pronunciation instruction. The unavailability of the pronunciation materials and technological recourses forced the teachers to employ traditional strategies for teaching pronunciation. Also, the findings showed a lack of specific pronunciation training available to the teachers, though the teachers desired to have more training opportunities. Hence, this study provides a snapshot of the current status of pronunciation instruction in ELC. Recommendations are presented that adequate pronunciation teaching training that incorporates effective use of technology should be provided to teachers.

البقمي، صالحة ذعار محمد

The notion of PS-rings is extended to the class of weak PS-rings. We explore the algebraic properties of such class and study its relation with some classes of rings such as a local ring and a semisimple NI-ring. We show the following result concerning, the Ore extension ring
= [; , ]: Let  be an (, )-compatible NI-ring with () nilpotent such that for any idempotent  ∈ , we have () =  and () = 0. If  is a weak right PS-ring, then
= [; , ] is a weak right PS-ring. Also, we show the following result concerning, the ring of skew Hurwitz series,  = (, ): Let  be a -compatible NI-ring with () nilpotent, () =  for every idempotent  ∈  and  a torsion free as a ℤ-module. If  is a weak right PS-ring, then  = (, ) is a weak right PS-ring.

الجعيد، مشاعل باخت

Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, and Toni Morrison are some of the pioneers who have discussed themes of oppression practiced against African-American women for their gender, social status, and race. These African-American women experience a different and more difficult kind of oppression than what white women, foreign women, or African-American men typically go through. There are several factors and elements that make their experience different and more difficult. First is the fact that the African-American community has often adopted the white community's values and norms that regard the African-American women as naturally worthless. Second, the legacy of slavery is a further burden for African-American women as it includes several racist ideologies that specifically target the African-American women's chastity and femininity. The thesis will show how some of the ideologies as the Sapphire and the Jezebel, which were created during slavery, still negatively affect African-American women. It will also show how the African-American society has adopted some of the slaveholders' tactics and used them as oppressive gender tactics. Third, being at the bottom of the hierarchical system makes the African-American woman a scapegoat the African-American man uses to release some of his frustration and anger at the white community. In addition, such a position makes it easier to exploit her physically and financially. The fourth and most important factor is the intersections in the African-American woman’s identity. My thesis aims to show how these African-American women’s gender issues cannot be understood or analyzed without taking their race and social status into consideration. In other words, the intersections in the African-American woman’s identity results in a unique kind of oppression that can be described as triple oppression. All these factors coalesce in making her the most exploited, degraded, disrespected, and neglected person in America.