نظر، فريبا أمان الله حق

In this study, fifty-one samples of milk collected from various sources, and to study the spread of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus rate, which was the most important causes of mastitis. From the results, bacterial strains (F1-F14) were isolated from milk as follows: 9 camel, 3 goat and 1 both cow and sheep. The isolates characterized by morphology, biochemical reaction and identified by molecular methods. In vitro the susceptibility of S. aureus strains were done against 9 antibiotics. The results showed that all milk strains (14) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, followed by tetracycline 64.3 %. While, the resistant strains (14) were against amikacin and oxacillin 100% followed by gentamicin 92.9 %. Antibacterial activity of aqueous each plant extract (cardamom, rosemary and laura) were done against 14 strains of S. aureus. The results were did not record any effect, while the chemical silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) gave different antibacterial activity against all strains. In addition, the synthesized plant AgNPs showed significant antibacterial effect against all bacterial strains. Using of UV Vis Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) techniques to characterized the green synthesized nanoparticles. In vitro, cytotoxic effects of AgNPs were screened against Vero cells. The chemical, cardamom, rosemary and laura silver nanoparticles were able to reduce viability of the Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner.

المعلوي، ضيف الله رحيم عبدالرحمن

This work describes the first initiative project conducted to evaluate the trace element composition of atmospheric aerosol particles (PM2.5) and to determine their influence on air quality in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. PM2.5 particles were collected from two different sites (industrial and residential) in Taif in the period from June 2011 to June 2012 covering the four different seasons of the year. PM2.5 samples were collected on polycarbonate filters using a cyclonic collector. Each sample was collected over a 24 hour period and new samples were collected weekly. The averages mass concentrations of PM2.5 measured in that period were 42.72 ±30.6 μg/m3 and 46.70 ± 32.27 μg/m3 for the residential and industrial sites, respectively. Different spectroscopic techniques have been used, namely; Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer with a Mo secondary target, black smoke detector for carbon measurements, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. From the elemental analysis point of view, EDXRF was used to analyze the solid samples because of the relative simplicity of the technique for filter analysis. Quantitative X-ray Analysis System, (QXAS) was used. For the determination of the net peak areas of characteristic lines of interest the Analysis of X-ray spectra by Iterative Least-squares fitting (AXIL) software package is utilized. The analysis resulted in detected concentrations for twenty five elements, namely; Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Ba, Ta, Pb and black carbon (BC). Fortunately, the measured concentrations of the potentially hazardous trace elements As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb were below the limits defined by international guidelines and national standards of ambient air quality. The diffraction patterns of the polycarbonate filters with and without atmospheric aerosol samples are identical and, therefore, there is a remarkable difficulty to identify the XRD patterns of the small quantity of the PM2.5 samples. Based on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results, the dimensions of the collected aerosol particles in the polycarbonate filter are varied up is 10 μm. The interpretation of the large particle size is due to the combination between the individual particles on the polycarbonate filter. According to EPR measurements, three remarkable signals were detected and identified. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was possible to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic.

السبيعي، حمود حميدان صالح

The assessment of radioactivity level in Al-Khurmah is unprecedented and has been achieved using both portable scintillation gamma radiometer (SGR) and high resolution gamma spectrometry. The assessment of radiological health hazard and impact have been studied from different perspectives through the investigation of the radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for 29 soil samples from chosen areas in Al-Khurmah. From the measured gamma rays spectra, the activity concentrations were determined for 226Ra(1.6 to 14.1 Bq.kg-1), 232Th(1 to 9.6 Bq.kg-1), and 40K (55.6 to 477 Bq.kg-1). The radium equivalent activity, the mean outdoor terrestrial gamma dose rate and the corresponding outdoor annual effective dose, the external and internal hazard indices were 42.1 Bq.kg-1, 21.2 nGy.h-1, 0.03 mSv.y-1, 0.12 and 0.13 respectively. In conclusion, Al-Khurmah region has low natural radioactivity levels and do not pose any radiation hazards to the public. While the soil samples activity concentrations from around Taghdoua mountain ranged from 6.4 to 54.1 Bq.kg-1 for 226Ra, 6.5 to 51.5 Bq.kg-1 for 232Th and 299.2 to 760.5 Bq.kg-1 for 40K. The overall is 36.1 nGy.h-1 and the corresponding outdoor annual effective dose is 0.04 mSv.y-1. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the rock samples from Taghdoua mountain were 1487 Bq.kg-1, 2450 Bq.kg-1 and 1183 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The absorbed dose rates in outdoor air 1 m above the ground for rocks from Taghdoua mountain are far higher than the permissible limit with a mean value of 2216 nGy.h-1. The mean radium equivalent (Raeq), for rocks from Taghdoua mountain was determined as 5082 Bq.kg-1 forbidding completely their use as building material.

الشهري ، دلال علي فراج

الحارثي، شذا ضيف الله

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor in women of reproductive age. Although it is not malignant disease, for one-third of these women, the tissue fibrosis may cause several reproductive and gynecological problems. Since there is no effective pharmacological treatment of the leiomyomas usually they are subject for hysterectomy. This warrants the need for discover an alternative hormonal replacement therapy with a safe and effective non-surgical treatment. Trigonella foenum commonly known as fenugreek has been widely used for the edible and medicinal values of its seeds. Several studies have shown that fenugreek seeds provide anticancer properties. However, very little is known about its hormonal effect. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of fenugreek seeds extract (FSE) and genistein (GSE) extract, as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy, each alone or in combination with conventional therapeutic drug (Danazol) on the proliferation of leiomyoma cells in vitro. The Human Uterin Leiomyoma cell line (UtLM) was used. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by counting the number of cells and MTT assay after 24, 48 and 120 h. The expression of apoptotic genes and cell cycle regulating genes were also evaluated to understand the molecular mechanism by which the previous extracts influence the proliferations of the UtLM cells. The present results showed that both extracts, each alone or together with Danazol, were successfully able to reduced proliferation and viability in the UtLM cells as a time depentant manner. Also, they significantly increased the percentage of the DNA freagmentation in the combined with the upregulation of the the apoptotic genes. Moreover, the combinations of both extracts with Danazol improve the effectiveness and sensitivity of conventional therapy and suggests that combined therapy may help to achieve the recommended goals in the management of leiomyoma.

العدواني ، مديحة عبود عبدالله

Dynamical systems in the real domain are currently One of the most popular areas of scientific study. There is a wide variety of the physical problems which , from mathematical point of views , can be studied more conveniently by using complex variables, in this thesis , we introduce and analyze a novel chaotic complex nonlinear system. The dynamics of this system is rich in the sense that our system exhibit chaotic attractors as well periodic , quasi periodic solutions and solutions that approach fixed points , the stability analysis of the trivial fixed point is stated. Numerically the range of parameters values of this system at which chaotic attractors exist is calculated . Lyapunov exponents are computed to classify the dynamics of this system . Symmetry invariance and dissipation are discussed. The principal target of this work is to introduce and examine a novel kind of complex synchronization . this sort may be called complex anti synchronization (CAS ) there are surprising properties of CAS that do not exist in the writing for example (i) this sort synchronizations can dissect just for complex nonlinear systems . (ii) the CAS contains two sorts of synchronizations (anti synchronization AS and synchronization CS) . (iii) In CAS the attractors of the master and slave systems are moving orthogonal to each other with a similar form (iv ) the state variable of the master system synchronizes with a different state variable of the slave system . An explanation of CAS is presented for two identical chaotic complex nonlinear models. In view of Lyapunov function, a plan is intended to accomplish CAS of disordered or chaotic attractors of these systems. Chapter one : in this chapter we show the preliminaries of nonlinear dynamical systems . we give a review of some basic concepts and definitions of nonlinear dynamical systems such as fixed points , Lyapunov , functions , attractors, Lyapunov exponents , chaotic systems , control and synchronization . Chapter two : this chapter introduces and analyzes a new chaotic complex . nonlinear system . this system is six dimensional systems of real first order autonomous differential equations . the dynamics of this system are very complicated. The Lyapunov dimension of the chaotic attractors of these systems is calculated . Bifurcation analysis is used to demonstrate chaotic behaviors of our new system . we convert the chaotic behavior of our system to its unstable trivial fixed point via the Lyapunov stability theorem . An approach proposed to analyze the system chaos synchronization . Analytical expressions are derived for control functions . the chaos synchronization results were employed to develop simple application in secure communication . Chapter three : the aim of this chapter is to present and investigate a novel type of complex synchronization. We may call this type " complex anti synchronization (CAS). A definition of CAS is introduced for two identical chaotic complex nonlinear models . Based on Lyapunoy function a scheme is designed to achieve CAS of chaotic attractors of these systems . the effectiveness of the obtained results is illustrated by a simulation example . Chapter four : in this chapter , we conclude our main results and suggest some future works I , Madeha A. Al – Adwani , declare that this thesis , submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master degree , in the department of Mathematics and Statistics , Taif University , is Wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged . the document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution .

الزهراني، مصلحة واقت صالح

In this thesis, Bayesian optimal design for mixture experiments is discussed in term of finding the best designs to get precise estimates of model parameters. We found Bayesian D-optimal designs for mixture experiments using the second-degree Scheffé polynomial models. To find optimal designs, we used Point-Exchange algorithm for discrete designs and Multiplicative Algorithm and first order algorithm for continuous designs. In each algorithm, Simplex-Lattice design points are used to find Bayesian optimal designs. The difference between D-optimal design in both classical and Bayesian design for mixture experiments is showed by an example. We found that D-optimal classical design distributes the trails equality on the design points, while Bayesian D-optimal design gives the point of factor corresponding to the parameter with the largest value of prior variance the most number of trails.

الحارثي، هيف سلطان

This project is to study nonlinear dynamics of a 1550 nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs).The aim of this thesis is to explore and explain various nonlinear dynamical effects in solitary and optically injected VCSELs using simple experimental approaches and compare the obtained results with theory.The phenomenon of polarization switching and locking with respect to current are investigated. Also the crucial parameters of a solitary VCSEL as a function of temperature are presented; we studied the parameters of solitary VCSELs at different temperature (15, 25, and 30) oC for many devisce. The nonlinear dynamics of optically injected VCSELs are investigated with respect to bias current of 3 mA and temperature 20 oC . The stability maps showing the presence of nonlinear dynamics. Effect of linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) on nonlinear dynamics of the injected laser for VCSELs and edge emitting is simulated and determined theoretically.

دوارى، عفاف أحمد عبدالله

Fluoride is considered as one of the important elements that the human is exposed to it continuously where it is found in a lot of human daily needs and the most important is drinking water and thus human will be exposed to a lot of dangerous side effects. The previous studies have confirmed that fluoride causes health side effects to human when present in large percents in drinking water due to oxidative damage to cellular components by free radicals and other reactive oxygen species also is believed to be associated with oxidative stress. The present study was an attempt to elucidate the toxic effect of sodium fluoride alone and it’s combinations with either selenium or Curcumin extract. The present study aimed to elucidate the possible ameliorative effect of selenium and curcumin in alleviating the toxicity of both sodium fluorides when given to normal mice. This was done through studying the effects of sodium fluoride on some liver and kidney function parameters, lipogram, some male sex hormones as well as, reproductive performance and testosterone level, antioxidant enzyme activities, immunological parameters (IgG, IgM and TNF-α), as well as histopathological changes in vital organs (liver and testis). The use of supportive natural compounds like curcumin extract and vital element like selenium and their combinations with sodium fluoride was also evaluated in male mice in order to get the best and safer treatment for hazardous side effects of sodium fluoride

الغامدي ، لجين ساعد يعن الله

In this work, several phenol degrading fungi were isolated. Three fungal isolates were selected on the basis of the highest growth rate using spectrophotometer. Also, after exposure fungal isolates to UV and ethidium bromide, the fungal isolates appeared highly degradation rate for the phenol, these isolates were identified on microbiological basis and molecular basis using sequencing, and they were found (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium griseofulvum and Aspergillus terreus) growth optimizations for these three isolates were carried out. Also, phenol degradation increased with increase the size of fungal disk of the tested cultures, phenol degradation increased as the incubation period increase, and the degradation rate of phenol decreased as the concentration of phenol increase. Immobilization technique by encapsulation of fungal strains into calcium alginate beads was performed for enhancement of degradation rate of phenol

الغامدي ، لجين ساعد يعن الله

In this work, several phenol degrading fungi were isolated. Three fungal isolates were selected on the basis of the highest growth rate using spectrophotometer. Also, after exposure fungal isolates to UV and ethidium bromide, the fungal isolates appeared highly degradation rate for the phenol, these isolates were identified on microbiological basis and molecular basis using sequencing, and they were found (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium griseofulvum and Aspergillus terreus) growth optimizations for these three isolates were carried out. Also, phenol degradation increased with increase the size of fungal disk of the tested cultures, phenol degradation increased as the incubation period increase, and the degradation rate of phenol decreased as the concentration of phenol increase. Immobilization technique by encapsulation of fungal strains into calcium alginate beads was performed for enhancement of degradation rate of phenol

المالكي، ريم حسين

Biological synthesis of gold, silver and its alloy nanoparticles using plants extracts have received profound interest because it is a simple, costeffective, stable for long time and their potential to synthesize nanoparticles of various size, shape and morphology. In the current study, biosynthesis of AuNPs, AgNPs and Au/Ag alloy NPs by Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Citrus sinensis (Orange peels) extract was carried out. The nanoparticles obtained are characterized by UV–vis spectrum that showed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 564, 554, 552, 541, 457 and 540.5, 535, 539, 493.5, 411 nm respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that they are generally found to be spherical in shape with size range of ∼ 20 to 50, 10 to 45, 2 to 14, 1 to 40, 5 to 50 nm and 15 to 50, 10 to 80, 5 to 20, 2 to 10, 5 to 45 nm respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared [FTIR] Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of proteins as the stabilizing agent surrounding the AuNPs, Au/Ag alloy NPs & AgNPs. Furthermore, study the optimizing conditions employed during the synthesis which included pH, temperature and extract concentrations. In the present study, the antibacterial efficacy of the biogenic AuNPs, Au/Ag alloy NPs & AgNPs against Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA and MRSA 442, and study the low concentrations of Au0.75- Ag 0.25 alloy NPs have great antibacterial better than low concentrations of Ag NPs alone. However, this study chooses seven of antibiotics: Norfloxacin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin to explore their synergistic mechanism when combined with AuNPs, Au/Ag alloy NPs & AgNPs against the multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Tested antibiotics showed synergistic inhibition against growth of the multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria. In addition, combination of Fluconazole against Candida albicans, Trichoderma sp. and two toxigenic isolate of Aspergillus niger. The effect of NPs on morphology and structure of bacteria and C.albicans by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was studies. A damage and randomly distribution in the cell wall of the tested microbes were observed which resulting the death of cells treated by different prepared NPs. AuNPs, AgNPs and its alloy NPs exhibit very good potential as free radical scavengers.

الزهراني ، سهام سعيد

الحارثي، جميل حميدي

This study was aimed to isolate some genes belonging to some hepatitis viruses, i.e., HBV, and/or HCV from some blood samples collected from different regions of KSA representing south, north, east, middle and west KSA. This will be followed by determining the nucleotide sequences of these genes, and carrying out some bioinformatics analysis on such genes, in a trail to detect how much mutations could done in such genes that effect on their functions.

الحارثي ، منيره سعد محمد

This study was performed to isolation and identify the most important genes that up regulate in Rhizoctonia solani during pathogenesis in order to find a new approach to control Rhizoctonia disease on legume plants. Twenty one isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were isolated of legume plants infected with root-rot and stem canker collected from different plant ages from different locations in Taif governorate. On the basis of morphological features of Rhizoctonia isolates, isolates were divided into six groups. All isolates from the different groups were chosen for pathogenicity test procedure. The five isolate of different pathogenicity and belonging to polynucleate Rhizoctonia were identified as Rhizoctonia solani by using specific primers of ITS regions of rDNA. Anastomosis test was executed between five isolates belong to polynucleate groups. All aforementioned isolates were perfectly fused with each other. This result indicated that the five chosen isolates are belonging to the same anastomosis group. The infection of R.solani was more severe on the cowpea seeds followed by the lupine seeds in the host range examination in vitro . Starvation of R.solani leads to significantly increase of its aggressiveness in vitro test.