الشهراني ، وفاء علي عبد الله

The inhibition action of new green inhibitor (ionic liquid) towards corrosion efficiency of different types of applicable SMAs in different types of aqueous solutions will be investigated by electrochemical measurements . Electrochemical tests (cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization curves, open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) will be performed in order to characterize the corrosion resistance of the coating in different aqueous solutions. The metals surface and its oxide layer in the absence and presence of the green inhibitor will be visualized by SEM. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) will be used for analyzing the protective oxide film covering the metal surface. Corrosion tests will be applied for all alloys in absence and presence of the inhibitor. The results will be compiled and analyzed by the help of NOVA software package with the help of standard Tafel techniques and thus corrosion rate will be determined. In addition to this, quantum chemical calculations will be performed to correlate the inhibition ability of the green inhibitor with its electronic structural parameters and to add theoretical support to the experimental results

العطاس ، إيمان عبد الله عبد الرحمن

Breast cancer is one of the fatal diseases all over the world and in Arab world with tremendous socio economic, emotional, and public health implications. Researchers are working hardly to early diagnose and treat breast cancer utilizing different chemicals that hits DNA of the cancerous cells to stop its malignancy. Lanthanide-complexes are groups of synthetic compounds characterized by their metal complexes, their binding ability to DNA and their potential anticancer applications. Unique lanthanides were chemically synthesized, identified and evaluated as anticancer drugs. The two groups of compounds used were Schiff base of lanthanides (SB) and charge transfer complexes (CT). Four compounds from each group were applied to triplicates of samples in doses equivalent to the resulted IC50 of each. The study used breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) as a model to assess cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of such novel compounds. The study monitored the effects of such compounds on cell viability, apoptosis, cell kinetics and induction state of some genes as tumor suppressor gene (p53), anti-apoptotic gene (survivin) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The current study resulted in increased apoptosis and arrest of vial cells in the G1-G0 phase with the decrease in cell numbers at S and G2-M phases. The current compounds also induced the expression of p53 and SOD with suppression of survivin gene. However, charge transfer compounds are most powerful in treatment of cancer than the other used compounds in our study. We can conclude that Schiff base of lanthanides compounds and charge transfers could be better than doxorubicin in cancer treatment. Other derivatives of lanthanides can be made by altering some elements in the compound. The study also recommended further research into the therapeutic effect of these substances at other levels such as application to experimental animals in vivo..

المالكي، خديجة مشعل سعد

The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) recovered from the surveyed area cultivated with six fruit trees at Taif governorate indicated the presence of two genera, Heterorhabditis and Steinernema. Heterorhabditis seemed to be the most prevailing benefit nematodes recovered from the three studied districts. Pomegranate and plum trees encountered the two nematode genera with the highest densities. In vitro trials were conducted to evaluate the virulence of EPN, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora at five concentrations i.e. 8000, 6000, 4000, 2000 and 1000 IJs on mortality of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and saw toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis adults and larvae as well as greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella larvae after 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of exposure. Results showed that the highest mortality percentages of all tested insects either adults or larvae were recorded from high levels of EPN after 48 h of examination period. The efficacy of filtrates derived from H. bacteriophora symbiotic bacteria, Photorhabdus sp. cultured on different media i.e. NA, Blood agar, MacConkey and EMP in comparison with distilled water as control on the same insects at the same exposure times illustrated that adult and larval mortality percentages of stored product insects as well as larvae of greater wax moth increased with increase in bacterial filtrate concentrations derived from all cultured media after all of exposure duration. Among all media tested, NA seemed to be the best one for culturing bacteria when it used against adults, whereas, MacConkey ranked first regarding the larval mortality of the tested insects. The effect of five levels of entomopathogenic nematode, H. bacteriophora on larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro showed that all levels tested of EPN significantly increased mortality percentages of M. incognita as time of exposure increase. Among the five levels tested, it is evident that incubation of larvae with EPN at 60 IJs for 48 and 72 h recorded the highest mortality. The efficacy of five concentrations of entomopathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus sp. (EPB) on mortality of M. incognita J2s after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure in vitro revealed a positive correlation between concentrations of EPB and mortality.

السواط، ايمان عبدالله مطلق

Simple, new and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the drug terbinafine HCl, in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation. The method was based on the formation of an ion-pair precipitate between the drug and an excess of ammonium reineckate. The excess of ammonium reineckate can be determined spectrophotometrically, and consequently the drug concentration can be calculated. Alternatively, the precipitate can be dissolved in acetone and the drug concentration can be determined directly. The optimum conditions for ion-pair formation were studied and optimized to obtain the highest sensitivity. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial drug and the recovery study reveals that there is no interference from the common excipients that are present in tablets and cream. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with that obtained by a standard reference one. Statistical comparison of the results was performed with regard to accuracy and precision using student’s t-test and F-test at 95% confidence level. The results proved that there no any significanct difference, regarding accuracy and precision, between the two compared methods.

السفياني، منصور عيضه خضر

2014 In the present work, the concept of size and shape was applied on the morphometric and osteometric characteristics of three Lethrinus species, Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775), Lethrinus miniatus (Forster, 1801) and Lethrinus mahsena (Forsskål, 1775) with elucidating intra- and inter-specific morphometric and osteometric variations. Such variations were reflected in terms of different patterns of relationships between species using univariate and multivariate analyses. Moreover, certain indices of the traditional and truss morphometrics and osteometrics especially of the skull and individual bones were found to be specifically significant and valid for taxonomic studies since these indices have high loading powers under both size and shape components. The pattern variability of Lethrinus relationships was a mirror to the genetic variability between these species. This finding my be in accordance with the variability reflected by the genome and genetic Barcoding in the Gene Bank. Geographical morphometric variations of Hurgada (Egypt) and Jeddah populations of Lethrinus species were evident and evaluated since these variations exceeded the interspecific variations.The meristic characters of Lethrinus species, especially vertebral counts were found to be more or less conservative in Hurgada and Jedda populations. For predictive purposes and application in archaeological, paleontological and food and feeding studies, the relationships between individual bones and the reference lengths, standard, head and skull lengths and the reverse were estimated. CT x-ray were found to be valid in studying the distributions of bones and interrelationship between these bones especially otoliths, vertebrae, ribs and fin skeletons in addition to reconstruction of fish skeleton in three dimension for comparison. The current osteological and osteometric data and the corresponding skeletal photos represent a step in constructing osteodatabase; moreover, these morphometrics, meristics and osteometrics may be considered a cornerstone for building a similar fisheries strategy for Lethrinus species.

النفيعي ، آلاء عابد عبدالله

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer in women in Saudi Arabia with a remarkable increase of incidence rate in the last decade. The most diagnosed molecular subtype of breast cancer in Saudi women is luminal A with 58.5% of all other subtypes. Although, current treatments in modern medicine had shown great outcomes in treating breast cancer; a lot of complications and drawbacks have been reported including post- surgical infection, radio and chemo resistance, diabetes, primary lung cancer, heart diseases. The need for an alternative and less aggressive treatments for breast cancer were required. Natural plant-based products have proved to possess medicinal properties such as, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, however, these properties were shaded by the modern medicine. One of the most controversial plant products, which gained attention in that past decade was amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside (D-mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside-6-β-D-glucoside), it is found abundantly in the seeds of Rosaceae family plants such as, apricot, bitter almonds, peaches, nectarine and apple. The objectives of the present study were to identify and quantify the amount of amygdalin in locally available fruits by HPLC, also to investigate the anti-cancer activity of amygdalin by using luminal A human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) as a model. Also, to cover the genetic stretch of the study by investigating the pathways involved in apoptosis induction. The anti- proliferative and cytotoxic activity of amygdalin was determined by MTT assay, while the cell death precision was determined with PI stain and FACS analysis. The morphological change of the cells nuclei were assessed by DAPI staining and fluorescent microscopy. The cell migration was evaluated by wound-healing assay. The underlying apoptotic behavior was determined by measuring the caspase 3 activity in the cells. Finally, the evaluation of the gene expression involved in apoptosis induction was determined by microarray analysis. The results concluded that amygdalin hindered the cell proliferation and migration, also induced cell death as the caspase 3 enzyme activity was clear. Moreover, the apoptotic activity was confirmed by the presence of apoptotic hallmarks of chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. The transcriptome profiling with microarray confirmed the genotoxicity of amygdalin as it led to apoptosis induction via eliciting different pathways including, p53, cell cycle arrest and ER stress. These findings reflect amygdalin anti-cancer activity, which was determined to be in a time- and dose-dependent manner

الخماش ، نوف أحمد

جمعه ، حنين عبد الرحمن

In this study some bacteriophage(s) specific to some plant pathogenic bacteria (the causal agent of soft rot diseases), were isolated and characterized from soil of Taif at KSA. Soil samples were randomly collected from some rhizosphere soils cultivated with various plant species including potato. A number of ten bacterial isolated obtained from soil were used as hosts for enrichment and isolation of the virulent bacteriophages from soil samples. The spot test and turbidity tests were used to detect the presence of the phage of interest in the suspension. The area of clear zones were represented by threes levels, i.e., weak lysis (+) (three isolates), moderate lysis (++) (one isolate) and high lysis (+++) (two isolates). The phage(s) was propagated and partially purified for determining the morphology of viral particles via electron microscopy. Sperm shape virus-like particles with long tail and icosahedral head were shown in the electron micrographs of partially purified phages specific to the two selected bacterial isolates (08 and 10). These two bacterial isolates were then biologically and molecularly identified. The nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene of the two bacterial isolates was determined and final sequences of 942 and 940 nts for the 16S rRNA gene of two soft rot bacteria (08 and 10), respectively, were recorded. Data of the phylogentic trees show that the two bacterial isolates (08 and 10) could be strains of Pseudomonas stutzeri (LC053456.1) and Bacillus pumilus (LC053854), respectively.

الخثعمي، حنان خفير عبدالله

Vibrations and dynamic chaos are undesired phenomenon in structures. They always cause disturbance, discomfort, damage and destruction of the systems or the structures that represent many engineering applications. The vibrations of any dynamical system are needed to be controlled to minimize or eliminate the risk of damage or destruction. So many passive and active control techniques are used to eliminate or suppress the vibrations to minimum level. One of the important subjects expressed here is the dynamical systems, which are governed by different types of nonlinear differential equations. The main object of this thesis is a mathematical and numerical study for the vibration behaviors in three different systems which are described by non-linear differential equations. The first system describe the nonlinear vibration and resonance of a cartesian manipulator system carrying an intermediate end effector under mixed excitations. The second system describe the vibration of a nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom system due to rotor the helicopter blade flapping motion. The third system study the nonlinear oscillation of a plate cavity system which is described by a three -degree-of-freedom with parametric excitation forces. For each system, the investigation includes the analytical solutions applying the multiple scales perturbation technique (MSPT), determination of the resonance cases, which are classified into different categories. Some of resonance cases are confirmed numerically (Rung-Kutta fourth-order method). The stability of each vibrating system and its steady state solutions are investigated by using both the frequency response equation and phase-plane technique or using averaging method. The numerical solutions are focused on both the effects of the different parameters and the behavior of the system at the selected resonance cases. Comparison between analytical and numerical solutions is obtained. Both bifurcation diagrams and stability using Poincaré maps are determined only for the first system. Also all the numerical results are obtained using MAPLE and MATLAB algorisms. Some recommendations are given regarding the design of such system.

المالكي ، فاطمة حسن

This study was carried out during season maximize the use of water efficiency and drought tolerance of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa). Alfalfa seeds were cultured in 63 pots, Diameter of (30 cm), Size each contains 5 Kg desert soil of Taif Governorate (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Plants were let grown for 4 months from the begging of October to the end of January. The seeds weight was 4 grams and field capacity was (21%), distributed in seven groups according to time of ventilation (2-4-6-8-1 0-15 days) by (1050ml). Each group was treated with (potassium nitrate- calcium nitrate- acidified water- distilled water­ control). The group of three repl icates (A-B-C) for example: 4 KN03A.Sand soils are usually poor in their nitrogen content, amendment of soil will be conducted by addition of nitrate. Potassium or calcium nitrate was applied to define which cation of both is stimulatory . Also, was soil is alkaline, acidification of soil was considered. To achieve this goal, dilute vinegar (1%) Was to irrigate alfalfa plants in a parallel set of pots. -The Effect of potassium nitrate ,calcium nitrate and irrigation regime interaction:. *High shoot length was detected in alfalfa plants treated with (Ca(N03)2 l 5mM) corresponding to an average of 10.7 cm, Untreated alfalfa plants irrigated every six days gave also a significant increment of root length about (15.I cm). The irrigation every fifteen days gave a remarkable reduction in root length whether plants untreated or treated with (Ca (N03)2 15mM) in average of (4.4 cm) and (4.07 cm). *The control treatment gave a significant increment in chlorophyll a (91.6 µg/ml) when plants irrigated every four days comparing with all other treatments. *Data showed plants irrigated every ten days scored increase chlorophyll b content (150.6 µg/ml) in comparison to other treatments. The treatment of (KN03 15 mM) produced content of carotenoids (6.1 8 µg/ml) gave a significant decrement in carotenoids content. *The highest soluble carbohydrates value (26078 µg/ml) was obtained with alfalfa plants irrigated every fifteen days and treated with (Ca(N03)2 15mM) and the increment was significant comparing with other treatments. Irrigation of the plants every fifteen days without (Ca(N03)2 15mM), or (KN03 15 mM) resulted in a lowest content of insoluble carbohydrates (8244.3 µg/ml ). *Alfalfa plants treated with (Ca(N03)2 l 5mM) gave a significant increase in soluble proteins (8469.6 µg/ml) comparing with all other treatments. On the other hand the low average also of in soluble proteins content is higher (15552.7 µg/ml) marked in plants treated with (KN03 15 mM) and irrigated every two days. *Data showed that alfalfa plants treated with (Ca(N03)2 l 5mM) gave an increment in soluble amino acids (10655.4 µg/ml) comparing with control

شرف الدين ، عبير علي

The nanoparticles of Co-Fe2O3were successfully prepared using microwave - hydrothermal process, which is an easy and economic method. The nanoparticles characterized using different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), UV-Vis analysis, and X ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The images obtained from SEM and TEM analysis revealed that grain size is homogeneous and agglomeration with average size range of about 36.97nm. A new peak was found in EDAX analysis, which confirmed the presence of Co atom with atomic percentage dopant of nearly 5.73%. The XRD analysis confirmed the coexisted of α and γ-Fe2O3 with crystal size 50 nm. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of different dyes type (eosin B, rhodamine B, and methylene Blue) under microwave, photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic reactions. The sonophotolysis was the optimum method to decompose the dye in the solution among various irradiations sources with high degradation percentage for eosin B 87% . In addition, the effects of the pH, H2 O2 , and K2S2 O8 were examined. Low pH (pH=1) was the suitable pH for degradation eosin B and rhodamine B, and high pH (pH=12) was favored for methylene blue. Moreover, the degradation of rhodamine B assisted by the optimum weight of K2 S2O2 and methylene blue assisted by the optimum volume of H2 O2 under sonophotocatalytic reaction shown significant result. The photocatalyst could be reused for three times without remarkable loss of its activity. The photocatalysis reactions fit well with the pseudo first-order kinetic, the rate constants for eosin B under sonophotocatalysis was (0.75s1-) which indicated to high rate reactions and efficiency .The synergy effect shown that sonophotocatalysis enhanced by the optimum addition of K2 S2 O8 to degrade rhodamine B with a significant percentage (39.89%) which indicated to high synergetic between them

الغامدي ، ابتهال عبدالقادر عبدالله

Ti-based alloys are characterized by a diverse metallurgy, which allows obtaining a wide palette of microstructural configurations and physical properties via careful selection of chemical composition and heat treatment processes. The present work aims to expand the current state of knowledge about the influence of alloying elements and various heat treatment conditions on the structural and mechanical properties, as well as corrosion resistance of three different Ti-based alloys; TiA1₆V₄ (TAV), TiA1₆Nb₇ (TAN) and TC21. There are two types of solution heat treatment were carried out followed by aging treatment one. In the first solution heat treatment, the specimens were solution treated at 900˚C for 1 h followed by water quenching (WQ) and it called single stage solution treatment (SSST). In the other solution heat treatment, the specimens were solution treated at 900˚C for 15 min followed by furnace cooling to 700˚C with a cooling rate 1˚C/min and holding for 15 min, then the specimens cooled down to room temperature using water quenching, this treatment named double stage solution treatment (DSST). Consequently, for specimens treated with both types of solution treatment processes, aging heat treatment was applied at 550˚C for different duration of times ranging from 2h to 8 h, followed by air cooling (AC). The microstructure, after different heat treatment conditions, is analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction to recognize different phases in the microstructure. Moreover, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the transus temperature of beta (β) phase (Tᵦ), to ensure that the solution treatment accomplished under Tᵦ in the (α+β) range. Hardness property was measured representing the mechanical properties of investigated heat treated Ti-based alloys. Hardness measurements are also used to investigate the correlation of the microstructure after the heat treatments with the mechanical properties. The microstructure feature showed a secondary α phase (αs) precipitated in residual β phase due to the step cooling from 900˚C to 700˚C inside furnace as well as the aging treatment. Optimum mechanical properties of the studied Ti-alloys were obtained for TC21 alloy that solutionized by SSST + Aging condition. A better combination of hardness, tensile properties, and corrosion resistance was achieved for DSST + Aging specimens, although their hardness was found to be slightly lower than that of SSST + Aging specimens .

الغامدي، ابتهال عبدالقادر عبدالله

Ti-based alloys are characterized by a diverse metallurgy, which allows obtaining a wide palette of microstructural configurations and physical properties via careful selection of chemical composition and heat treatment processes. The present work aims to expand the current state of knowledge about the influence of alloying elements and various heat treatment conditions on the structural and mechanical properties, as well as corrosion resistance of three different Ti-based alloys; TiAl6V4 (TAV), TiAl6Nb7 (TAN) and TC21. There are two types of solution heat treatment were carried out followed by aging treatment one. In the first solution heat treatment, the specimens were solution treated at 900˚C for 1 h followed by water quenching (WQ) and it called single stage solution treatment (SSST). In the other solution heat treatment, the specimens were solution treated at 900˚C for 15 min followed by furnace cooling to 700˚C with a cooling rate 1˚C/min and holding for 15 min, then the specimens cooled down to room temperature using water quenching, this treatment named double stage solution treatment (DSST). Consequently, for specimens treated with both types of solution treatment processes, aging heat treatment was applied at 550˚C for different duration of times ranging from 2h to 8 h, followed by air cooling (AC). The microstructure, after different heat treatment conditions, is analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction to recognize different phases in the microstructure. Moreover, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the transus temperature of beta () phase (T), to ensure that the solution treatment accomplished under T in the (+) range. Hardness property was measured representing the mechanical properties of investigated heat treated Ti-based alloys. Hardness measurements are also used to investigate the correlation of the microstructure after the heat treatments with the mechanical properties. The microstructure feature showed a secondary α phase (αs) precipitated in residual β phase due to the step cooling from 900˚C to 700˚C inside furnace as well as the aging treatment. Optimum mechanical properties of the studied Ti-alloys were obtained for TC21 alloy that solutionized by SSST + Aging condition. A better combination of hardness, tensile v properties, and corrosion resistance was achieved for DSST + Aging specimens, although their hardness was found to be slightly lower than that of SSST + Aging specimens. Keywords: Ti-based alloys, microstructure, heat treatment, SEM and XRD, mechanical properties.

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