البقمي، موضي منصور سلطان

This thesis consists of four chapter we will introduce them as follow: Chapter 1: This chapter displays a general introduction as well as some general definitions and some fundamental equations for elastodynamic problems. Chapter 2: In this chapter, the deformation and the corresponding stresses in an elastic rotating about its axis with a constant angular velocity is investigated. The present investigation is concerned with the effect of rotation and magnetic field on an infinite circular cylinder subjected to certain boundary conditions. An analytical procedure for evaluation of thermal stresses, displacements, and temperature in rotating cylinder subjected to thermal load along the radius is presented. Effect of rotation and magnetic field are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence and absence of rotation and magnetic field. The results indicate that the effect of rotation and magnetic are very pronounced. Chapter 3: In this chapter, an estimation has been made to investigate the deformation, temperature, and the radial and hoop stresses in isotropic elastic cylinder subjected to rotation and magnetic field. The cylinder deforms because of thermal shock, and due to the application of the magnetic field and rotation, the result an induced magnetic and rotation in the cylinder. An analytical procedure for evaluation of the displacement, temperature, thermal stresses in a rotating elastic cylinder subjected to thermal load along the radius is presented. Effect of rotation and magnetic field are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence and absence of rotation and magnetic field. The results indicate that the effect of rotation and magnetic field are very pronounced. Chapter 4: In this chapter, we estimated an analytical study of the displacement, stress, temperature in an rotating isotropic homogeneous elastic medium hollow sphere subjected to periodic loading. The numerical calculation are carried out for the displacement temperatures the stresses . The results are displayed graphically to illustrate the effect of rotation and magnetic field are very pronounced .

العبيدي، ماجد عبدالله احمد

Laurus nobilis Essential Oil (EO) as well as Brassica Juncea (Mustard oil) including: antimicrobial, minimum inhibition concentration MIC, antioxidant, and anticancer activity. Average of EO extracted from dried Rosmarinus officinalis and Laurus nobilis leaves by steam distillation were 0.7‐1.5% and 0.8 ‐1.4% v/w respectively. Meanwhile, the seed of Brassica Juncea extracted by mechanical press was 39‐48 % oil. The chemical constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and Laurus nobilis EO were identified by GC/MS, α‐ pinen (27.21, 10.56%), 1,8 cineole (18.55 , 40.78%) were found to be main components. While mustard oil had Sixteen phenolic compounds identified by HPLC. Physicochemical properties of oil plants were determined. Twenty bacterial strains (M01 –M20) were isolates from traded diets in restaurants at Taif City – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under aerobic conditions and characterized by morphology and some biochemical characteristics. All isolates were divided into three groups, bacilli, cocci, and short rods. The strains were further identified by partial 16SrRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. fiveteen strains were identified by 97‐100% identity including Bacillus circulance (4), Bacillus subtilis (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), and Echerichia coli (4).Other isolates were identified by 85‐92% identity , therefore may be considered as new species and named : Bacillus sp. (M07,M09,M10) and Staphylococcus sp. (M12,M13) In conclusion, Rosmarinus officinalis and Laurus nobilis EO had a substantial inhibitory effect on all assayed bacteria strains. Meanwhile, Brassica Juncea oil was possessed no antibacterial activity against on all tested bacteria. The bacterial strains tested were found to be sensitive to essential oils studied and showed very effective bactericidal activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 25‐ 125 μl/ml . In addition the highest free radical scavenging was recorded 85.53 % at 30μl/ml of Rosmarinus officinalis EO . Brassica Juncea oil was providing 50% inhibition (IC50) against Hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HEPG‐2 ) at 0.1 μl/ml oil concentration, meanwhile Laurus nobilis EO was 0.4 % μl/ml against colon carcinoma cells ( HCT ) .

السبيعي، عهود ناصر سعيد

This thesis is devoted to study the effect of two-temperature and different fields on plane waves of generalized thermoelasticity with three theories (Classical (CT), Lord-Shulman (L-S)and Green-Lindsay (G-L)). This thesis consists of sex chapters. The first chapter is an introductory and comprises of historical background, recent developments, literature survey on the subject and applied fields in addition to an outline of basic governing equations to thermoelasticity. The remaining chapters are study the effect of rotation, gravity field, initial stress, two-temperature, magnetic field with reflection and laser pulse on an isotropic homogeneous thermoelastic medium. After presentation of the fundamental equations of the problem, It is formulated in the dimensionless form and then solved analytically using the normal mode analysis method and the harmonic function. The physical quantities are obtained and tested by a numerical study using the parameters of copper as a target. The results are presented in group of figures and discussions are given.

الثمالي، أسماء وصل الله بركي

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin E against the alternations induced by two different doses of HgCl2 in liver and kidney of male mice. Some biochemical markers during acute HgCl2 intoxication were studied to examine how the mice respond to this pollutant. The effects of HgCl2 were investigated by assessing toxicological end points in the form of body weight, hematological parameters and histopathological changes in hepatic and renal tissue of male mice. Moreover, HgCl2- induced hepatotoxicity that was estimated by determining serum alanine transferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. In addition, some blood parameters (cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and total proteins content), indicative of metabolic disturbances, were determined. HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of serum uric acid and creatinine concentration were also measured. The oxidative stress was determined by measuring the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in liver and kidney tissues. The present study has also been conducted to clarify the protective role of vitamin E to minimize the negative effects of HgCl2 in the male mice.

البقمي، مهدي منيف مهدي

Hexagonal ferrites are a group of magnetic compounds, which all have high resistivity, high saturation magnetization and are thermally stable well above their Curie temperature. Hexagonal ferrites can be classified into different types according to their chemical formulas and crystal structures. M ferrites are in the most commercially important permanent magnetic materials globally. Different ions can be substituted for Ba2+and Fe3+ in M-type phase ferrite. Consequently, the magnetic and electronic parameters of the ferrites can be adjusted or controlled, and their performance can be improved. So, main object of this study was to synthesis and characterize M-type hexagonal Strontium hexaferrite nanopowders (SrFe12O19); as hard magnetic materials for industrial applications through simple route. In the modern electronic devices, the present trend is to further increase the performances of the devices: higher capacitance coupled with smaller size. To achieve this goal, powders with improved quality, uniform and fine particle sizes with a narrow size distribution and suitable stoichiometry are required to develop the correct microstructure and attain the required performances. Low temperature, wet chemical routes offer an exciting possibility for the synthesis of high purity, homogeneous, ultrafine and multicomponent powders from which electronic components with tailored and predictable properties could be prepared. Selfcombustion tartaric acid precursor route was used to produce single phase of nanocrystalline Strontium hexaferrite powder with low-processing temperature, homogenous microstructure, narrow size distribution and uniform shape. This study investigated the manipulation of synthesis conditions namely annealing temperature (900-1350oC) and Sr:Fe molar ratio on the crystal structure, crystallite size, microstructure and magnetic iv properties of SrFe12O19 ferrites prepared by tartaric acid precursor method. The optimum conditions for synthesis of hexaferrites were systematically determined. The effects of La3+cations substitution on the formation, microstructural and magnetic properties of M-types hexagonal strontium hexaferrites SrFe12-xLaxO27 (x = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) was under investigation. Various characterization techniques were employed to study the structural and physical properties of magnetic materials. The changes in the crystal structure and lattice parameters were characterized using X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology and shape of the bulk and nanoparticles were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The changes in the magnetic properties of the produced powders were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The obtained results showed that well crystalline single phase of SrFe12O19 and SrFe11.8La0.2O19 M-hexagonal ferrite were realized at low annealing temperature 1100 °C for 2 h at Sr2+:Fe3+ concentrations ≥1.1:12. Hexaferrite formed at Sr2+:Fe3+ molar ratio 1.1:12 has larger crystallite size than that observed at both lower and higher molar ratios while the crystallite size of SrFe12-xLaxO19 highly decreases with increasing the La3+ ion content. The morphological microstructures of the formed particles were strongly dependent on the annealing temperature and Sr2+:Fe3+ molar ratio. Wide saturation magnetization Ms (37.26-66.19 emu/g) and coercivities (275.09– 2107.8Oe) were achieved at different synthesis conditions of SrFe12O19. Maximum values of saturation magnetization Ms (62.16 emu/g) and the coercive force Hc (1479.3 Oe) were observed at x = 0.2 and annealing temperature 1200°C.

البقمي، مهدي منيف مهدي

Hexagonal ferrites are a group of magnetic compounds, which all have high resistivity, high saturation magnetization and are thermally stable well above their Curie temperature. Hexagonal ferrites can be classified into different types according to their chemical formulas and crystal structures. M ferrites are in the most commercially important permanent magnetic materials globally. Different ions can be substituted for Ba2+and Fe3+ in M-type phase ferrite. Consequently, the magnetic and electronic parameters of the ferrites can be adjusted or controlled, and their performance can be improved. So, main object of this study was to synthesis and characterize M-type hexagonal Strontium hexaferrite nanopowders (SrFe12O19); as hard magnetic materials for industrial applications through simple route. In the modern electronic devices, the present trend is to further increase the performances of the devices: higher capacitance coupled with smaller size. To achieve this goal, powders with improved quality, uniform and fine particle sizes with a narrow size distribution and suitable stoichiometry are required to develop the correct microstructure and attain the required performances. Low temperature, wet chemical routes offer an exciting possibility for the synthesis of high purity, homogeneous, ultrafine and multicomponent powders from which electronic components with tailored and predictable properties could be prepared. Selfcombustion tartaric acid precursor route was used to produce single phase of nanocrystalline Strontium hexaferrite powder with low-processing temperature, homogenous microstructure, narrow size distribution and uniform shape. This study investigated the manipulation of synthesis conditions namely annealing temperature (900-1350oC) and Sr:Fe molar ratio on the crystal structure, crystallite size, microstructure and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19 ferrites prepared by tartaric acid precursor method. The optimum conditions for synthesis of hexaferrites were systematically determined. The effects of La3+cations substitution on the formation, microstructural and magnetic properties of M-types hexagonal strontium hexaferrites SrFe12-xLaxO27 (x = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) was under investigation. Various characterization techniques were employed to study the structural and physical properties of magnetic materials. The changes in the crystal structure and lattice parameters were characterized using X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology and shape of the bulk and nanoparticles were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The changes in the magnetic properties of the produced powders were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The obtained results showed that well crystalline single phase of SrFe12O19 and SrFe11.8La0.2O19 M-hexagonal ferrite were realized at low annealing temperature 1100 °C for 2 h at Sr2+:Fe3+ concentrations ≥1.1:12. Hexaferrite formed at Sr2+:Fe3+ molar ratio 1.1:12 has larger crystallite size than that observed at both lower and higher molar ratios while the crystallite size of SrFe12-xLaxO19 highly decreases with increasing the La3+ ion content. The morphological microstructures of the formed particles were strongly dependent on the annealing temperature and Sr2+:Fe3+ molar ratio. Wide saturation magnetization Ms (37.26-66.19 emu/g) and coercivities (275.09– 2107.8Oe) were achieved at different synthesis conditions of SrFe12O19. Maximum values of saturation magnetization Ms (62.16 emu/g) and the coercive force Hc (1479.3 Oe) were observed at x = 0.2 and annealing temperature 1200°C.

عبد الله ، أسماء سعيد

In this work, new electrochemical sensors were prepared for the electrochemical determination of some cephalosporins compounds (cefoxtin, cefotaxime and cefepime) in powder pharmaceutical formulations. The electrochemical sensors were prepared by modification of carbon paste electrodes by different compounds such as CTAB and carbon nanotube. The modified electrochemical sensors were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of the prepared electrochemical sensors were characterized by electrochemical methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical behavior of some cephalosporins compounds were studied on the surface of the prepared sensors using square wave voltammetry which was used in the estimation of direct electrochemical of some cephalosporins compounds such as cefoxitin, cefotaxime and cefepime). Cephalosporins compounds were detected at the prepared sensors after optimization the experimental conditions such as the type of supporting electrolyte and pH value. The prepared electrochemical sensors were applied to determination of the cephalosporins in powder pharmaceutical formulations.

حلواني ، سراء حسين أحمد

الجعيد، ندى محمد جربوع

The original work of this thesis deals with developing and design a facile synthesis of new heterocyclic nucleosides. First, azole and azine heterocyclic compounds for example, 1,2,4-triazoles, uracils, 3-benzylxantine, 1-methyl-3-benzylxanthine, were prepared, which coupled then with protected sugars, for example, 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide to give protected nucleosides.The later products obtained were deprotected by methanolic sodium methoxide to get free heterocyclic nucleosides. Some of the protected and free nucleosides obtained were tested against some fungal and bacterial species. Some of tested products showed moderate activity.

الوذيناني، تغريد غزاي فاتن

Gupta and Kundu (1999) suggested a new two-parameters distribution, named as generalized exponential (GE) distribution. It is observed that the GE distribution can be used as an alternative to the gamma distribution, log-normal distribution and Weibull distribution in many situations, but the GE distribution has a nice compact distribution function. This distribution was studied quite extensively by the authors. Kamps (1995) introduced a concept of generalized order statistics (gos). This model is very important because it contains several models of ordered random variables such as ordinary upper order statistics, upper record values, progressive type-II censored samples, sequential order statistics and Pfeifer's record values. Also, the mixture models is very important in the theoretical and applied fields specially in case of the heterogeneous population. The basic problem in this thesis is estimating all parameters of a finite mixture of GE distribution using the maximum likelihood and Bayes methods based on right censored samples of gos. Then, a comparison between the two methods will be carried out. All results will be specialized to type-II censored samples, right censored upper record values and progressively type-II censored samples. The thesis consists of four chapters: Chapter 1 : In this chapter we show a historical survey on some studies in theoretical and application which have been made on GE distribution. Also it contains some basic concepts which will be used throughout this thesis. Chapter 2 : The objectives of this chapter is estimating the parameters of a finite mixture of GE distribution based on right censored samples of generalized order statistics which include type-II censored samples, progressively type-II censored samples and upper record values using the maximum likelihood method. A simulation study is carried out to compute the mean squared errors of each estimate. Chapter 3: Our main goal in this chapter is estimating the parameters of a finite mixture of GE distribution based on right censored samples of generalized order statistics using Bayes method. A simulation study is carried out to compute the mean squared errors of each estimate. Chapter 4: We investigate and Compares between the two methods of estimation methods based on type- II censored samples, progressively type-II censored samples and upper record values.

عواجي، سحر احمد هادى

Due to the continual improvement in the manufacturing design, it is more difficult to obtain information about the lifetime of products or materials with high reliability at the time of testing under normal conditions. This makes the lifetime testing under these conditions very costly, take a long time. For this reason, accelerated life tests (ALTs) are preferred to be used in manufacturing industries to obtain enough failure data, in a short period of time, necessary to make inferences regarding its relationship with external stress variables. In ALTs, the test items are tested only at accelerated conditions, viz higher than usual levels of stress, to induce early failures. Data collected at such accelerated conditions are then extrapolated through a physically appropriate statistical model to estimate the lifetime distribution at normal use conditions. In PALTs items are tested at both accelerated and use conditions. There are two types of PALTs, one is called step PALTs and the other is called constant PALTs. In this thesis, the constant PALT applied to items whose lifetimes under design condition are assumed to follow Lindley distribution under a progressive type II censoring, Bayesian and non Bayesian estimators for the Lindley distribution parameters, are presented.

العتيبي، منال

The objective of the present work was to investigate the optical properties of Ge30-xSbx Se70 (x=0, 5, 10, 15 at. %) films. A bulk chalcogenide glasses of Ge30-xSbx Se70 were fabricated first by quenching technique and used as a source to preparing amorphous thin films via thermal evaporation method. The optical constants of these films have been determined by Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) measurements using a photon energy range of 0.73 to 5.06 eV at room temperature. The spectrum of imaginary parts of dielectric for all films is characterized by several peaks. Two groups of linear Combination of oscillators were employed for the analysis of these spectrums. First combination consist from two Tauc–Lorentz oscillators with one Gaussian oscillator (2TL+G) Second two Cody–Lorentz oscillators with one Gaussian (2CL+G) oscillators. Both groups of models behave very similarly and accurately fit to the experimental data. However the Second group models is more accurate in describing dielectric function in the absorption onset region. The effect of Sb content on the refractive index, extension coefficient and models’ parameters (Lorentz oscillator amplitude, resonance energy, oscillator width, optical band gap, and Urbach energy) are discussed.

الحربي ، فاطمة سليمان حسن

كلاب، زينب محمد محمود

Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases in the world and the number of new cases increases every day. Breast cancer in females is the most common diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. Despite the advances in treatments, the overall survival rate from breast cancer has not been improved substantially over the past 30 years. So, there is a need to develop novel approaches for therapies based on the targeting of cancer cells. Plants derived compounds, play a pivotal role in controlling hemostasis, by having potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. However, these natural products when used with entities in nanometer sizes enable to solve many of the inherent problems (stability, solubility and toxicity) associated with natural products, and also provide a platform for targeted delivery to tumor sites. Hence, these natural compounds together with chemotherapeutic drugs improve the efficacy of these agents in induction of apoptosis in cancer cells and overcome the problem of drug resistance. Ziziphus jujube (Ziziphus) plant has exhibited phytoestrogenic properties and has numerous medicinal and pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of natural product nano-particles and phytoestrogens; each alone or in combination with conventional drugs induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in vitro. Also the molecular mechanism, by which these agents influence apoptosis and anti-proliferative effect, were examined. To test the hypothesis, we were cultured breast cancer cells in vitro and treated with different target agents, and then evaluated the therapeutic effects of natural products nanoparticles and phytoestrogen combined with the target drug and explore the possible mechanisms involved. The present results showed that both, Ziziphus extract and natural product nanoparticles, individually or together with Tamoxifen, were successfully able to reduced proliferation and viability in the MCF-7 cells as a dose dependent manner. Also, they significantly increased the percentage of the DNA fragmentation in the combined with the upregulation of the apoptotic genes. Moreover, the combination of both extracts with Tamoxifen improves the effectiveness and sensitivity of conventional therapy and suggests that combined therapy may help to achieve the recommended goals in the management of breast cancer.

الجودي ، هدى سعود غازي

Red Sea waters contain hundreds of species of marine fungus that co-exist with algae in symbiotic, altered or parasitic living on their surface (epiphytic fungi) or inside their tissues (endophytic fungi), without causing harm to her it’s called (Algicolous). Twenty-four macro algae samples from the Red Sea coast (Shuaiba and Al Saif beach area south Jeddah) were collected from January 2018 to December 2018. Two isolation media were used for isolation epiphytic and endophytic fungi. Forty nine fungal species belonging to 22 genera were collected from 24 marine macro algae. Algicolous fungi wer identified by two methods morphological and Molecular characterization for some endophytic fungi. Aspergillus (11 species) and Penicillium (8 species) contributed the broadest spectrum of fungal species. Fourty epiphytes algicolous fungal species representing 20 genera were collected from 24 macroalgal species samples on Potato dextrose agar (18 genera and 33 species), and Glucose peptone yeast extract agar (14 genera , 30 species ), media. While31 species representing 14 genera were collected from 24 macroalgal species samples on Potato dextrose agar (12 genera and 25 species), and Glucose peptone yeast extract agar (13 genera, 28 species), media. There is basic similarity between the mycobiota of marine macroalgae on 2 isolation media with the most frequently fungi were Aspergillus flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Penicillium P. citrinum and P. polonicum. The PDA medium was supported a higher diversity of endophytes than GPY medium, and the Brown algae (Sargassum latifolium and Turbinaria conoides) harboured the highest from the isolates of endophytes and Green algae (Chaetomorpha crassa; Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) were in second place, while Red algae (Acanthophora spicifera ; Laurencia papillosa) had lowest diversity of endophytes. Genomic DNA of 50 collected endophytic fungi isolates isolated from some collections of algae freely was successfully extracted. The universal primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA from 50 collected endophytic fungi isolates. The BLAST search results were submitted to National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank of ITS sequences in these fungal isolates showed an overestimation of species clades. Seventeen species in the analysis (Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus caespitosus, Beauveria bassiana, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium equiseti, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium commune, Chaetomium seminis, Talaromyces verruculosus, Penicillium glaucoroseum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Curvularia australiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavipes and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) were paraphyletic in the analysis. Six endophtic fungi isolates were screened as bioactive agant on eignt microbial pathogen 3 grame positive 3 gram negative bacteria and 2 yeast specie. Three endophytic strains (Aspergillus. terreus; A. niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) exhibited strong activity against all bacterial and yeasts pathogen, whereas Penicillium glaucoroseum was a negative activity towards (E.coli; Candida albicans and Rhodotorula glutinis). Fusarium chlamydosporum was not exhibited activity towards Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. Finaly Talaromyces verruculosus was not exhibited activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the conclusion the present study has reported the following conclusions: endophytes and epiphytes algicolous fungi represent a large portion of the microbial community and are prolific producers of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. Currently, the major problem that human faces are the drug resistance which decreases substantially the effectiveness of old antibiotics. It is believed that searching for natural products synthesised by endophytes could be a promising way to solve the problem of drug resistance and meet the emergency demand of discovering highly effective and environment friendly antibiotics to fight against resistant microbial species