الزهراني ، سميرة بنت ضيف الله بن أحمد الكناني

هذه الدراسة معنية بموضوع (شعرية اللغة الروائية) حيث تتركز موضوعها في أن الانزياح الواضح في اللغة الروائية في العصر الحديث ونزوحها جهة الشعرية، جعلها سمة بارزة عند أغلب الروائيين في العصر الحديث، وبالتالي أصبحت مادة غزيرة للباحث المتفحص لهؤلاء الكتاب المستثمرين لهذه الطاقة اللغوية في توليد النصوص الروائية، ومنهم الروائي السعودي محمد حسن علوان الذي حول لغة السرد إلى صور شعرية يستطيع المتتبع لها اكتشافها والتوصل لها؛ ذلك أن الكاتب رسم لنا لوحة بالكلمات نستطيع من تتبعها الوصول لتلك اللغة المجازية المغايرة لما كان معروفا عند من سبقه. وقد استعانت الدراسة بالمنهج الفني التحليلي، لدراسة الموضوع من خلال ثلاث محاور: نظري، وفني، ودلالي. فجاء هيكل الدراسة في تمهيد أعرض فيه للروائي محمد حسن علوان حياته وتعليمه وأدبه وصفاته، ثم الفصل الأول عن البنية السردية ويتكون من ثلاثة مباحث: الأول الشخصيات، والمبحث الثاني المكان، والمبحث الثالث الأحداث. وفي الفصل الثاني أتناول البنية الرمزية وجعلتها في أربعة مباحث: المبحث الأول العنوان، والثاني الشخصيات، والثالث الأماكن، والمبحث الرابع الأحداث. ولما للغة الرواية من أهمية كبيرة في الدراسة يعرض الفصل الثالث للبنية اللغوية في روايات محمد حسن علوان الخمس وجعلتها في أربعة مباحث: الأول في توظيف المستويات اللغوية، والمبحث الثاني في توظيف اللغة الأجنبية، والثالث في توظيف الصورة الفنية، والمبحث الرابع في التوظيف الدلالي ( الانزياح ).

السفياني , نوال حماد حامد

ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ أن أﺳـﻠﻂ اﻟـﻀﻮء ﻋـلى اﳌﻘﺪﻣـﺔ اﳍﺬﻟﻴـﺔ ,وأﻛـﺸﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋـﺼﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ,وﻣـﺪى ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ اﻷدﺑﻴﺔ اﳌﻮروﺛﺔ. وﻗـﺪ اﻋﺘﻤـﺪت ﰲ دراﺳـﺘﻲ ﻋــﲆ )اﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻣﲇ اﳌـﻨﻬﺞ ( ﻓﺤﺎوﻟــﺖ أن أوﻇـﻒ اﳌـﻨﻬﺞ اﻷﻧــﺴﺐ ﻟﻜـﻞ ﺟـﺰء ﻣــﻦ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺤـﺴﺐ ﻣـﺎ ﳜـﺪم ﻓﻜـﺮة اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ,ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻤـﺪت اﳌـﻨﻬﺞ اﻹﺣـﺼﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﻮﺻـﻔﻲ ﰲ اﺳـﺘﻘﺮاء أﻧـﻮاع اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺎت ,ووﻇﻔﺖ اﳌﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﲇ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻠﲔ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ. وﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺼﻮل ,ﺗﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﲤﺔ ,اﻵﰐ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ : اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول : أﻧﻮاع اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺎت ﰲ أﺷﻌﺎر اﳍﺬﻟﻴﲔ ,وﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إﱃ ﺳﺘﺔ أﻧﻮاع اﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﲠﺎ اﳍـﺬﻟﻴﻮن ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪﻫﻢ. اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻳﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪة اﳍﺬﻟﻴﺔ ,وﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ : اﻷول :اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﳌﻄﻠﻊ وﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺗﻪ . اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ. اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :اﻟﺸﻌﺮﻳﺔ اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت واﻟﺼﻮرة . اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ:ﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ اﳋﻄﺎب اﻟﺸﻌﺮي ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪة ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ اﳍﺬﻟﻴﲔ ,وﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ : اﻷول :اﻟﺮﺛﺎء اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻐﺰﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺼﻴﺪة . اﻟﺜﺎﲏ :اﳌﺒﺎﴍة اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺮﺛﺎﺋﻴﺔ . اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :اﳍﺬﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪة . وﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻦ أﳘﻬﺎ: . ا ١ اﻟﺘﺰم اﳍﺬﻟﻴﻮن ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء ﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪة ,وﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﲥﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ . . أوﺿﺢ ٢ اﻫﺘﻢ اﳍﺬﻟﻴﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪة ,واﺣﺘﻔﻰ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮون ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲠﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ . ٣. ﲤﻴﺰ اﳍﺬﻟﻴﻮن ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻨـﺎء ﻗـﺼﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺮﺛـﺎء ,ﲤﺜﻠـﺖ ﰲ ﺑـﺪء اﻟﺮﺛـﺎء ﺑـﺎﻟﻐﺰل ,وﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﻣـﺔ اﻟﺮﺛـﺎء اﳌﺸﻔﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻘﺼﺺ اﳊﻴﻮا ﺧﺎﺻﺎ . ﻫﺬا ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪا ﻫﺬﻟﻴﺎ ّ ن ,وﻣﺜﻞ ٤. ﺷﻜﻠﺖ اﳌﺮأة ﺣﻀﻮرا ﻃﺎﻏﻴﺎ ﰲ اﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ,ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎد ﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻨﴫ اﻷول ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎء اﳌﻘﺪﻣـﺔ اﳍﺬﻟﻴﺔ. ٥. ﺷﻴﻮع ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﻟﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﴫت رؤﻳﺔ اﳍـﺬﱄ وﻓﻠـﺴﻔﺘﻪ وﻇﻔﻬـﺎ اﻟـﺸﻌﺮاء ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ ﳑﻴـﺰة أﺳـﻬﻤﺖ ﰲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﺸﻌﺮي.

الحارثي ، سميرة رده حسين

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة صورة البطل في روايات يوسف المحيميد التي قام بكتابتهاحتى إعداد البحث ، دراسة فنية تتناول شخصية البطل من زواياها المتعددة، وتبرز دوره حيث يعد عنصراً له أهميته في العمل الروائي، فهو يتأثر بالعناصر الأخرى. ويؤثر فيها دون إغفال للمضمون الروائي، محاولين إثراء المكتبة النقدية العربية ببحث كهذاا وفتح المجال أمام الباحثين لتناول روايات يوسف المحيميد من جوانب أخرى.

الطريفي ، سامي بن فالح بن سلطان

تعد ظاهرة التناص نظرية حديثة تستعرض ما يحدث في النص من تشابه وتباين مع ما سبقه من نصوص سواء أكان ذلك في اللفظ ، أم المعنى ، أم الصورة ، وفي دراستنا هذه استعراض لمفهوم التناص وأنواعه عند منظريه ، مثل جوليا كرستيفا ، وغيرها ممن كان لهم السبق في تحديد نظرية التناص وتحديد ملامحها وأركانها ، ومن ثم ستتجه الدراسة إلى استبطان نصوص ابن عثيمين واستنطاقها من خلال كشف علاقات تقاطعها مع النصوص السابقة ، بما في ذلك من نصوص دينية ، وحوادث تاريخية ، إضافة إلى المعالم الجغرافية والشخصية ، ثم تتوقف الدراسة – بعد ذلك – على مايتناص معه ابن عثيمين من أدبيات شعرية ونثرية ذات أبعاد وعلاقات متعددة في الوقت نفسه ،وربط تلك الأبعاد والعلاقات بالبناء الكلي للنص ، وعلاقتها بالمتناص معه ، وهو المحور الذي تدور حوله الدراسة بشكل رئيس .

عسيري، حسن ناصر يحيى

(المكان في شعر العرجي ) يتجه هذا البحث نحو دراسة المكان في شعر العرجي؛ فيسلط الضوء بداية على حضوره وأثره في ذلك الشعر، ويكشف من ثم عن أهمية هذا العنصر، وما يمثله من هاجس ذاتي مؤثر في تجربة العرجي الشعرية، ويصل البحث من خلال التركيز على كيفيات بناء المكان وتشكيله وتأثيثه إلى إبراز أدواره الجوهرية ووظائفه المحورية وما له من دلالات وإيحاءات في نصوص العرجي، ويكشف معالم الوجود الشعري المتحقق للمكان بعد نقله من الحسي والمعتاد إلى الخيالي والفني المختلف، وإدماجه في التجربة الشعرية، وإعادة بنائه وتشكيله على أساس رؤية الشاعر الخاصة لما يحيط به من ظروف، وما يشغل فكره من قضايا. ويأتي البحث في ثلاثة فصول قبلها تمهيد يعرض بإيجاز لسيرة الشاعر، ولمفهوم المكان، فأما الفصل الأول فهو بعنوان ( حضور المكان وأثره في شعر العرجي ) ويكشف عن ذلك من خلال: الطبيعة، والمجتمع، وأما الفصل الثاني ( بناء وتشكيل المكان في شعر العرجي ) فيجد في فحص وتحليل اللوحات المكانية التي يرسمها الشاعر، ويبحث في ارتباطاتها ودلالاتها، ويتوزع في ثلاثة مباحث هي: المكان: الواقع الشعر، الطلل : الحاضر الماضي، الرحلة: العدم الوجود، في حين يأتي الفصل الثالث ( شعرية المكان في شعر العرجي ) ليكون مخصصاً لاستكناه الطاقات الشعرية التي تكتنزها ألفاظ المكان في شعر العرجي بوصفها تمثل فضاءات دلالية متعددة الوظائف تتعالى عن الارتباطات الحرفية بالواقع، وتتفجر بالكثير من المعاني الشعرية، كما يبين كيفية انبناء المكان عبر الصورة الشعرية، ويأتي ذلك في مبحثين هما: أسماء المواقع والديار بين الواقعية والشعرية، والمكان الطبيعي والصورة الشعرية

الجهني ، مها عيد عواد

The current study investigates the comprehension of reading compared to the comprehension of listening to books that are usually read for pleasure. It attempts to shed light on the differences found in the comprehension of audiobooks as opposed to that of print books. In addition, it explores the effects of using audiobooks for learners’ attitudes and motivation. The sample of this study included 10 female students from The Science Stream of Saudi Arabia Taif University Preparatory Year Program. This study used the story The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett (1911) as the reading material. Participants of the study have either read then listened to the story or listened then read it. The instruments used for data collection included comprehension tests designed by Oxford Bookworms Library along with a questionnaire designed by the researcher. The results of the tests indicate a significant difference between the scores of the reading and listening groups in favour of the listening group. These results, revealed that using audiobooks is an effective tool for introducing EFL learners to reading. Also, comprehension gained through audiobooks can sometime surpass that gained through traditional reading of print books. In addition, EFL learners can get more literary pleasure from reading audiobooks than they may have through print books. This study is, to the best of my knowledge, the first of its kind in a Saudi University that studies the impact of using audiobooks as a tool implementing reading for pleasure and measuring the comprehension gained from it as a distinct reading method.

الغامدي، رقية سعيد علي

This thesis explores the ways in which some American poets justify the confiscation of Native American lands. Drawing upon postcolonial theory, selected poems are analyzed to uncover the mythical representations of the New World and Native Americans. American Poets raise up the American land as the New Canaan given by God to his Chosen People—the Christians, not the pagan Indians. The land is sometimes depicted as uninhabited to legitimize America’s claim to it. Furthermore, American poets create images of an exotic, fruitful, paradisiacal landscape to encourage European colonization and investment in the New World. In some texts, the land is a virgin female seeking protection and the fulfillment of her desires from the perfect masculinity represented by the American colonizer. American poets also emphasize the superiority of the white civilization which has improved the land and put its resources to higher purposes. The land is a wasteland under the control of the natives, demonstrating their deficiencies. Early American epic poets manipulate religion to stereotype and other the colonized and to devalue their culture. Some poets also manipulate science, applying the Darwinian theory of the inevitable conflict between races and civilizations to naturalize the displacement and extinction of the natives. Some poets promote the myth of Manifest Destiny, emphasizing the whites’ destined expansion and mission to redeem the Old World while portraying Native Americans as savages. Even poets who depart from the stereotypes of savagism and portray the natives as noble and wise still believe in the inevitability of their death. The thesis concludes by showing that the American poets studied adhere to the discourse justifying the national colonial enterprise in the New World.

الخضري، فاطمة تميم عمر

The present study aimed at filling a gap in the field of using cultural linguistic strategies in D-P communication in Saudi Arabia. This thesis has explored how Ob/Gyn physicians use language to communicate sexual topics with patients, and the effect of certain cultural variables on vocabulary, or style choices in such contexts. A comprehensive questionnaire was distributed among the main seven hospitals in Jeddah and some minor clinics. The thesis employs euphemism theory to examine the data which comprise 165 responses to the questionnaire. A descriptive quantitative analysis was conducted, which examined the frequencies and percentages of the use of the linguistic strategies and the effect of the social variables. The findings revealed the existence of social norms that lead to restrictions on language along with difficulties in choosing the best linguistic style for the medical sexual issue which might lead to misunderstandings or bad treatment. The results also showed high applicability of euphemism in the form of, formal Standard Arabic and Pun words. In addition, patients’ level of education was found to be the main factor that can have either a positive or negative influence. Consequently, this asserts the importance of having the right scientific knowledge about sexual health issues. Cultural distinctions between doctors and patients along with misunderstanding of Islamic values of modesty were the main reasons for miscommunication with patients on sexual problems. The study also showed that sexual relation with the husband with all its complexities was mostly linguistically restricted. Finally, there might be a need for true education of Islamic values on sexual health, high knowledge of both Arabic and English linguistic styles, and good communication skills which would lead to successful doctor-patient communications.

الربيعي ، أماني عبدالله

Most of the previous published studies in the field of language and news discourse investigated how the reporters express their ideologies and bias when reporting events. Moreover, most of these studies focused on the language used by the reporters as a construction of culture. However little attention has been paid to how language reveals the reporters' attitude towards different types of hard news, namely, political, economic, nature disaster, and crime reports. This present study addresses the question of how the reporters evaluated hard news, and highlighted the type of news which was appraised mostly by the reporters. Particularly, it analyses the attitudes of the reporters of Saudi English newspaper. This research seeks to examine the hard news in particular. It adapts the critical analysis and the appraisal theory by (Martin & White, 2005) to investigate the data, which comprises 40 reports chosen randomly, posted during 2015-2016 as the most recent reports. The most important findings of this study show that a reporter employed different evaluating strategies while reporting hard news. These strategies could be illustrated by the following. Firstly, the occurrences of judgmental instances were the most frequent among other subsystems of attitude and formed 42.5%. While the Affect instances were formed 32.5% of the total. Moreover, appreciative instances were detected apparently in the data but formed only 25%. Secondly, the instances of positive attitude were a bit more frequent than the negative attitude. On the other hand, regarding the directness of expressing reporters' attitudes were inscribed. Finally, which is the most interesting finding is that the reporters revealed their attitude extensively toward political report more than other types of hard news. This study strongly recommends that more writing courses for both academic and professional purposes are integrated into the training program of future news reporters

المالكي ، وعد عبد الله حسن

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by visually impaired female students when studying English in Taif University and investigate attitudes towards learning English, the challenges the visually impaired students faced in classroom, from the teacher, curriculum design and lack of resources and equipment, students’ strategies in learning English and their recommendations to making learning English better for visually impaired female students. Narrative inquiry was used in this study. The participants of the study were four visually impaired female students studying in Foreign Languages Department, Taif University. They were randomly selected and all had average understanding of English. The range of their age was between 19-25 years. Additionally, 15 FLD instructors answered online questionnaires relating to the study to help in identifying the challenges encountered when teaching English to female students who were visually impaired. Inquiry approach was used for data collection. Data was collected by administering structured interviews to the four visually impaired female students. Online questionnaires were used to collect data from foreign language instructors. Comprehensive literature was reviewed to understand the meaning of visual impairment, learn more about English as foreign language in universities. The challenges faced by the female students were discussed. A common finding on the learners attitudes towards learning English was the three participants found learning English to be easy. On the other hand, one participant finds learning to be difficult. According to the questionnaires given to the teachers, most teachers of those who answered the questionnaires reported to have not attended any course to enable them to teach the visually impaired. They also reported that teachers as well as students required to be trained to enable them understand and handle the VI students with more attention, since there is no direct provision in the department .

القحطاني ، خلود أحمد ناصر

This thesis investigates the syntactic operation of verb movement in Najdi Arabic (henceforth, NA), a dialect spoken in the city of Riyadh. The thesis explores the inner characteristics of NA verb forms and the syntactic motivations behind their movement. It also sheds some light on the different positions of the subject within the TP boundary and higher than the TP boundary. I show how these different positions of the subject NPs yield different word order structures in NA. The thesis poses questions about sentences containing different cases of movement, and tries to investigate them. The investigation starts with presenting the syntactic structure of NA hierarchy using the X-bar Theory — a theory of syntactic structures which uses bar notation (Radford, 2009, p. 409). The investigation of the basic hierarchy for NA syntactic structure enables us to locate the original position of the NA verb forms and their thematic subjects. It then shows how verb movement occurs with reference to Chomsky’s Minimalist Program (1995) and its developments (2000, 2001). There are several assumptions that the thesis follows. It follows the assumptions that Arabic is considered to be a raising language, in which the verb movement operation applies (Fassi 1993, Rahhali & Souali 1997, Benmamoun, 2000, amongst others). It also follows the assumption that Verb-to-Tense movement in Arabic varieties is attributed to the assumption that Arabic has rich morphology (Bobaljik 2000 & Ryding(2005). The thesis adopts Al Zarhani’s (2013 & 2016) assumption that states that Arabic verbs are divided into two forms – past and non-past – which are expressed by perfective and imperfective forms respectively. Hence, the thesis shows the verb tenses and how they are associated with the perfective and imperfective verb forms, following Chomsky's (1995) argument that tense is specified for the categorical features [+D] (for nominal) and [+V] (for verbal). I also show how the dependency between tense and verb form explains verb movement from lower positions to T. With this in mind, I eventually argue that Najdi Arabic is a typical V-to-T language, and that the verb movement presents different NA word order structures. Ouhalla (1992) and Benmamoun (1999) propose that VS order is derived from V-to-T movement, where the verb moves to T for feature checking. For these investigations, the current study uses data by the researcher herself as a native speaker of the Najdi dialect. The data is checked with some Najdi relatives and friends. The ultimate results reveal that verb forms in Najdi Arabic are triggered to move to T or to some other different positions in the hierarchy depending on the verb needs

الثبيتي، أروى عوض

This study is aimed at investigating the impact of English language spread and use on the attitudes of Taif University students. It seeks to examine how English language affects the Saudi lifestyle and students’ language attitudes through its growth in Saudi. It also explores the difference in attitudes towards English language based on students’ demographic profiles of language proficiency, field of study and academic level. The study takes into consideration factors that affect the perceptions of Saudi learners towards the spread of English. Data was collected via questionnaire and the target participants were Saudi males and females at Taif University. The random sample of 358 students from all year groups provided personal information about subject, source and proficiency as well as their attitudes towards English as an International language in the Saudi society. The data collected was analysed through descriptive statistics with language aspects analysed using categorization and illustrated by means of SPSS. The findings provided valuable insights on students’ attitudes towards English associated with Western culture. Results presented students’ disagreement with the spread of English use and its culture in their society. However, they strongly agree with learning the language for intrinsic motivations and better future career opportunities. The overall positive attitudes towards the use of English in many life domains was offset by the indication that the subjects’ attitudes were not affected by the study’s variables but rather their fear of the extensive use of the language as a threat to their religious and national values. Results presented no statistically significant attitudinal difference concerning respondents’ field of study or degree of English proficiency. Variances in student attitude were more evidenced concerning their academic level more than any other demographic profile diversity. The study’s outcomes presented respondents’ favourable attitudes towards English not as a compulsory educational requirement, rather for the globally acknowledged position of English in the world today indicating their positive motivation. However, such perception implies their fear of the effect of the Western history the language might hold. Participants’ results towards the culture of English-speaking countries showed a variety of positive and negative attitudes. They were in favour of methods towards English acquisition intrinsically without risking their traditional and religious heritages.

الزير ، داليا هشام

Richard Wright’s relationship with language, as manifested in his autobiography Black Boy, is best described as elusive. Since he was a young kid, he used language over which he had no control—a fact which led to his being either punished, rejected, pitied, or scorned. As he grows up and his hardships multiply, he becomes speechless, especially when he is nervous, afraid, angry, or frustrated. Thus, his frustration with his own speechlessness turns into a lifelong quest to master language by becoming a writer. Exploring how language has a powerful impact on Richard Wright’s identity, this thesis seeks to: 1) find out how Richard Wright was betrayed by words; and 2) explore his elusive relationship with language. The first stage is in his childhood, when language, over which he had no control, was something of a mystery to him. However, he realizes the power of language without understanding his words. This realization leads him to isolation. To understand language, Richard, in the second stage, starts reading and observing his surroundings. The third stage is when he moves to the North and starts a new relationship with language that differs from that in the South. Drawing upon race theory, African-American literary studies, and psychoanalytic critical studies, this thesis aims to track, in Richard Wright’s Black Boy, the writer’s struggle to control words in order to gain power over the most elusive means of communication with the outside world: language. With an exceptional autobiography like Black Boy, many scholars and researchers discuss and analyse Wright’s work from different perspectives on the use of language. The importance of the issues which will be considered in this thesis stems from the developing interest in examining and analysing one seminal sample of African American literature, in an attempt to understand the circumstances that shaped African-American literary discourse

الشهري، هناء علي

This study presents an investigation of aspects of English–Arabic codeswitching on the contemporary, technologically advanced communication platform “WhatsApp.” The use of English side by side with Arabic by Arabic speakers may include a number of purposes involving cultural and rhetorical factors. Furthermore, English speaking may be characterized by the synthesis of ideas, exaggeration of superlatives, and directness. Despite the vast research on code-switching, however, few studies have yet been carried out on online communication platforms, such as social media and instant messaging (IM) applications. Much research on English-Arabic code-switching has focused on the spoken word. In contrast, the present research went beyond previous work by focusing on code-switching among Saudi teenagers as they use the instant communication platform “WhatsApp” on a daily basis. The study analyzed 21 WhatsApp conversations collected from teenagers aged 18–20 years to identify the various types of code-switching in use. Questionnaires were collected from 54 respondents and interviews of 9 students were carried out with the aim of establishing the motivations behind code-switching, the factors that affect it, and its functions among Saudi teenagers. The 21 documented conversations were analyzed on a case-by-case basis involving relevant cross-examination to establish the type and level of code-switching in use. Questionnaires completed by the 54 teenagers were analyzed to establish the prevalence, motivations, and functions of code-switching among the respondents, with a focus on WhatsApp. The outcomes showed that there were various types of code-switching in use, such as situational, metaphorical, intersentential, and intrasentential code-switching, as well as congruent lexicalization. The functions of code-switching ranged from enhancing prestige to elitism, educational, economic, cultural, and social functions. This study is part of a growing body of research on the prevalence of code-switching among teenagers, particularly on online messaging platforms and social media sites. In including the population of Saudi teenagers, who are largely attending high-school, the outcome of the research will not only add to the knowledge in the field of code-switching but also influence educational policy on the direction of communication professionalism in Saudi Arabia.

السفياني، جميلة علي

The present study aimed to investigate English as a foreign language (EFL) female teachers' and students' attitudes about corrective feedback (CF) in oral communication classes. It also explored EFL female teachers' and students' preferences for CF types, errors types that need CF, and timing of CF. The study was additionally designed to compare EFL teachers' actual practices of CF with students' preferences. The sample of the study consisted of 52 EFL female teachers and 115 EFL female students in Foreign Languages Department (FLD) at Taif University. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher used two questionnaires: one for the teachers and one for the students; and conducted several classroom observations. Having data collected, data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results showed that EFL female teachers and students consider CF an important teaching technique in oral communication classes. Such a tecquenique helps students notice their errors and in turn leads to improvement in their English language competency. The results also showed that EFL teachers preferred CF types which push students to self-correction whereas students preferred explicit feedback with metalinguistic explanation. With regard to types of errors, EFL teachers preferred providing CF mostly on errors which hinder listeners' understanding. Similarly, EFL students preferred to receive CF on errors that affect a listener's understanding. Regarding timing of CF, both EFL teachers and students preferred CF mostly after the student finishes speaking. The classroom observations indicated that there is a mismatch between teachers' actual classroom practices and students' preferences. The findings of the study contribute to a better understanding of EFL female teachers' and students' attitudes and preferences about CF in oral communication classes at the university level in Saudi Arabia. These findings should contribute to reducing the gap between teachers' actual practices of CF in EFL classrooms and students' preferences.